Предмет. В статье исследуются проблемы, связанные с прогнозированием перспектив развития экономики страны. Цель. Создание модели, позволяющей прогнозировать пополнение бюджетов всех уровней. Анализ состояния экономики Российской Федерации в целом и ее 85 субъектов. Методология. Исследования проводились на основе экономико-статистических методов, системного анализа, а также общенаучных методов сравнений и сопоставлений. В работе применен предложенный авторами статьи термин «макроэкономическая производственная функция»-аналог производственной функции, которая выражает зависимость результатов производства предприятия от факторов производства. Используются данные о налоговых доходах по всем видам налогов, численности занятого населения и валовому региональному продукту, консолидированные в информационно-аналитической системе региональных налоговых поступлений «Налоги РФ». Анализ данных и оценка параметров проводились с помощью программы статистической обработки информации-IBM SPSS Statistics 20. В процедуре множественной регрессии SPSS использовались методы включения, позволяющие производить пошаговый отбор в регрессионное уравнение только значимых независимых переменных. Результаты. На основе предложенной модели проводится сравнение фактических и расчетных значений налоговых поступлений для всех субъектов РФ по данным за 2011 и 2014 гг. Получены значения точечных оценок параметров модели макроэкономической производственной функции. Проведено моделирование значений налоговых поступлений для всех субъектов РФ по данным 2014 г. Произведено сравнение фактических и расчетных (по представленной модели) значений налоговых поступлений. Представлены результаты сравнения фактических и расчетных (по представленной модели) значений налоговых поступлений для всех субъектов РФ по данным 2014 г. Выводы. Зависимость налоговых доходов от фактора производительности труда постоянна ежегодно. Объем налоговых доходов субъектов РФ с ростом капитала троекратно выше, чем от увеличения производительности труда. Это может быть использовано для планирования экономического развития регионов. Ключевые слова: модель; моделирование; производственная функция; валовый региональный продукт; занятое население
Efficiency of economic activity of 85 regions of the Russian Federation is analyzed in this article. The purpose of the research is assessment the interregional inequality of the Russian regions. The analysis was based on the total tax revenues collected within all the Russian regions. The research was based on methods of analysis and synthesis, analogy and generalization, comparison and comparison, induction and deduction, economic-mathematical and statistical methods of estimation of income inequality. For its implementation, coefficients and indices were used: Lorentz, Ginny, Robin Hood, Theil, Atkinson, and Herfindahl-Hirschman. Part of the analysis was performed in the analytical module of the information system “Taxes of the Russian Federation”. Based on the Russian Federation subjects’ economic activity model, it is concluded that the total tax revenues collected on regions reflect the effectiveness of its functioning. A more accurate picture is described with the quotient of the tax revenues’ division by the labor resources engaged in their creation. Based on the methods used and data provided by the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation and Rosstat, was made of the uniformity of tax revenue collection among 85 subjects of the Russian Federation in the period from 2015 to 2020, all applied coefficients and indices were calculated. Using the share of employed population and tax revenues, the Lorenz curves and size diagrams (box plot) for the ratio of these shares (r) in the period under consideration are constructed and the emissions (outlier) in the distribution of tax revenues are determined. The dynamics of tax revenues and their variation are estimated. The obtained values of inequality indicators and indices showed that the distribution of tax revenues among 85 regions of the Russian Federation is uneven. Simultaneously, this situation is evident throughout the period under review. The subjects whose tax income values can be attributed to outliers have been identified. It is concluded that the problem of uneven development of regions of the country is traced through centuries. A way out of this situation is to use differentiated financial and tax policies in relation to different regions of the country.
This paper describes a study of the financial and economic state and functioning of economic sectors of the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation based on the application of advanced information technologies. This study aims to analyse the performance of the Russian Federation national economy and the economy of 85 Russian Federation constituent subjects with a breakdown by different economic activities based on the Russian Federation Taxes information & analytical system of regional tax revenues designed. Basic calculations were made using the index method of economic activity evaluation developed by the authors. The index construction technique makes it possible to analyse dynamic trends in general and individual index development. Based on the method proposed, the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation have been ranked in accordance with their tax revenue indices for all kinds of economic activities in 2016. The efficiency of tax revenues by individual indicators included in the index has been reviewed. The constituent subjects of the Russian Federation have been ranked by the “Manufacturing Activity” indicator. Index distribution indicators have been calculated for each constituent subject of the Russian Federation.
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