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The paper considers the epidemiology and general etiological characteristics of cryptogenic stroke (CS). It discusses the concept of embolic stroke with an unknown source of embolism. It also characterizes the most significant causes of CS, such as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, atrial cardiopathy, aortic atheroma, non-stenotic cerebral atherosclerotic plaques, and malignant neoplasms. The paper describes approaches to the diagnosis and secondary prevention of CS and proposes etiological and neuroimaging diagnostic algorithms for CI. Clinical cases are also presented.

Multifunctional PSCI were revealed in 87% of patients with acute IS. Impairments of attention, regulatory functions, speech and memory were identified in the majority of patients. More than a third of patients had multifunctional nonamnestic PSCI. Monofunctionalnonamnestic PSCI were found in 5.5% of patients. Isolated deficit of memory was observed in 2% of patients. PSCI with the predominance of mixed character were found mostly in elderly patients. In the group of young and middle-aged patients,there was a decrease in isolated speed reduction or regulation of cognitive activity, combined cognitive impairment was detected in every fourth patient. There was a trend towards an increase in the age of patients withPSCI of the mixed character. An analysis of the efficacy of cellex in acute IS has shown that the drug improves cognitive status as well as the state of neurodynamic, regulatory and visuospatial functions. Therefore, cellex is effective in treatment of PSCI in acute IS.