URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01994720.

Based on the concept of a digital turn in sociology proposed by Professor S. Kravchenko, the author, using the example of specific sociological studies of Russian research centers, analyzes the influence of the level of digital literacy of the population on the prospects of digital transformations in society. Digital literacy is considered as an integral indicator, including information, technical, communicative and innovative component. In addition to age and gender differentiation, the level of digital literacy is also affected by settlement and territorial factors, confirming that there is an urgent problem of digital inequality. With the ethical side of information literacy, the situation is also ambiguous. This indicator shows how deeply a person reflects on the information found and used. 45% do not think about the benefits and harms of the information they receive on the Internet. The quality of information also becomes a very revealing factor — the majority of respondents are critical to the information received and its sources. More than 70% admit that the media they have chosen may not always provide information reliably. Unexpectedly, in addition to the social group of people with higher education, the greatest skepticism in this regard is also characteristic of young people. Information literacy of the younger generation and lower computer literacy of the older generation reveal a deformation of the socialization process due to the emergence of the phenomenon of “spiritual distance” between these generations. Keywords: digitalization, a digital turn in sociology, digital literacy, information literacy

Today, due to global climate change, the demand for irrigation water is growing in every part of the world, so the rational use of available water resources requires the management of water resources through water-saving technologies. It is necessary to analyze data on the rational management and efficient use of limited water resources in the country, to continuously increase the efficiency of water resources in the field, to expand the use of water-saving irrigation technologies and their application in production, and to eliminate excess water loss.

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Information on the wild (nondomesticated) northern reindeer population of Russia is analyzed systematically for the first time on the basis of archival data from the Russian Federation Main Administration for Hunting (Glavokhota) covering 28 years and sources in the literature. The spatial correlation between areas of reindeer herd concentration and areas with an optimum combination of three principal relief forms (low plains, intermediate plains, and low mountains within the subarctic belt and the zone with a sharply continental climate) is established. The relationship between northern reindeer populations and anthropogenic factors also is demonstrated. A system for assessing the impact of various factors on reindeer populations using a series of simple scale units is described as well. The paper addresses the reasons behind the satisfactory condition of the wild reindeer population in the central part of the range and its unstable status over the remainder of its range.