Based on analysis of F.D. Mordukhai-Boltovskoy’s publications, this paper examines the history of studies of the impact of thermal and nuclear power plants, which were originally performed under the classical “Haeckelian” ecological paradigm: the external effect of technogenic factors on aquatic ecosystems and biota. The decline in interest in the problem was not associated with a decrease in the technogenic impact or changes in the energy industry. However, the paradigm itself is changing in association with the emergence of the concept of a technoecosystem. The cooling ponds of thermal power plants (TPPs) and nuclear power plants (NPPs) can be used as models of climate change, particularly climate warming. The materials obtained in studies of the effects of technogenic temperature rise are still underused by hydrobiologists studying climate change and its potential consequences.
Предлагается рассматривать эволюцию биосферы как процесс, поддерживаемый совокупностью взаимосвязанных трендов, образующих ее эволюционную систему. Под трендом эволюции биосферы понимается преемственное развитие системы структур и связей, имеющее определенную направленность в эволюционном пространстве-времени. Введение понятия трендов обусловлено неоднородностью и разнообразием процесса эволюции биосферы. Эта неоднородность существовала и существует в эволюционном времени, поскольку в истории биосферы ее эволюционная система не была постоянной по структуре трендов, изменялись и механизмы эволюционных процессов. По мере развития биосферы возрастала роль кооперативных, симбиотических взаимосвязей и биотических факторов в общебиосферных процессах. Разнообразие свойственно не только эволюционирующим системам, но и самому процессу эволюции. Эволюция жизни в биосфере, биологическая эволюция, которая обычно рассматривается как «происхождение видов» и крупных таксонов, есть только часть эволюции биосферы, которая эволюционирует как единая биокосная система. Концепция эволюционной системы и трендов как ее элементов представляет собой попытку упорядочения этого разнообразия на основе системного подхода.
Ключевые слова: биосфера, эволюция, системный подход.It is suggested to consider the evolution of the biosphere as the process supported by a set of interconnected trends, which form its evolutionary system. A trend in the evolution of the biosphere is understood as the continuing development of a system of structures and their interconnections, which has a certain orientation in the evolutionary space-time. The introduction of the concept of trends is justified by the heterogeneity and variability of evolutionary processes in the biosphere. This heterogeneity has ever been existing in evolutionary time. Over the whole history of the biosphere, its evolutionary system was not constant with regard of its structure, elements, and trends. The mechanisms of evolutionary processes changed, too. In the course of the development of the biosphere, the role of co-operative and symbiotic interrelations increased, as well as the role of biotic factors. The evolution of life in the biosphere is only a part of the evolution of the whole biosphere, which evolves as an integrated biotic-abiotic system. Variety is inherent not only in an evolving system, but also in the process of its evolution. The concept of the system of evolution and of trends as elements of the system is an attempt to organize this diversity based on the systemic approach.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.