The construction of N-heterocyclic rings represents a very important and fast-developing area of organic synthesis. In this context, electrochemistry has emerged as a mild solution for generating in situ the required electrophilic substrates, bases and nucleophiles derived from low-level and extremely stable reagents, the further application of which makes some heterocycles more accessible. In this review, we have covered the recent advances in the electrochemical synthesis of five- and six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds published from 2017 to October 2018.1 Introduction2 Electrochemical Synthesis of Five-Membered N-Containing Heterocycles2.1 Pyrrolidines2.2 Imidazoles2.3 Pyrazoles2.4 Triazoles2.5 Oxazoles2.6 Indoles2.7 Thiazoless3 Electrochemical Synthesis of Six-Membered N-Containing Heterocycles3.1 Piperidines and Pyridines3.2 Quinazolinones3.3 Benzoxazines4 Conclusions

The thermolysis reactions of benzoazacyclodecatrienes under microwave irradiation conditions in toluene at 150 °C afforded complex azabenzo[a]cyclopropa[cd]azulene and (epiminomethano)cyclopenta[a]indene frameworks. Cyclopropanes were established as intermediates of the ultimate thermolysis products.

Benzazecines with an allene fragment were prepared for the first time and in high yields via tandem reaction of 1-phenylethynyl-1-methyl(benzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines with activated alkynes in trifluoroethanol.

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In the present paper we discuss the setup and the results of series of numerical experiments aiming to recover the plasma drift and neutral wind velocities using the Ensemble Square Root Filter together with the ionospheric numerical model. One of the objectives of the current research was assessing the performance of the upper atmosphere state and parameter ensemble estimation technique in the framework of the Observational System Simulation Experiment (OSSE). The other purpose was to improve calculation accuracy for the major driving forces in the ionosphere and to increase modeling reliability in real‐data operational cases. In the current paper we describe the setup of the modeling system used to obtain the presented results. In the first section we introduce the background physics‐based model used in the simulations and discuss its main assumptions along with drift and the neutral wind velocity calculation algorithms. Further we present the observations simulation system and describe the data used for assimilation and parameter estimation. We also provide a brief description of the Ensemble Square Root Filter and its application in the current study. In the last few sections the results of the numerical experiments are presented and discussed.