Background: Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is insufficiently explored, while most of the therapeutic agents used for IBD cases have undesirable side effects, which restrict their administration.The aim of this research was to study the influence of vitamin D3 formulated into original rectal suppositories on the parameters of clinical score, morphology, and oxidative lipid and protein destruction in the colonic lesion in the cases of experimental colitis (EC). Methods and Results: The experiment was performed on 98 Wistar male rats weighing 210-230 g. EC condition was induced by two-phase administration (dermal application and per rectum) of 3% alcohol solution of oxazolone. Originator polyethylene glycol-based suppositories, which contained 1500 МЕ of vitamin D3, were administered per rectum every 12 hours. Clinical score was defined according to the Disease Activity Index (DAI) scale. Morphometry was run using the software program “ImageScope M” (Russia). Damage of the colonic tissue was estimated on Tissue Damage Index (TDI). The following parameters were determined in the colonic lesion: neutrophil count (NC), lymphocyte count (LC), eosinophil count (EC), histiocyte count (HC), plasma cell count (PC), fibroblast count (FC), the diameter of the ulcerous defect, TDI, MPO expression, and TNF-α expression. The following parameters were determined in the damaged tissue homogenate: lipid peroxidation product count (LPP) and protein oxidative modification (POM) count. In cases of oxazolone-induced EC, on Days 2, 4, and 6, we registered clinical and laboratory signs, an ulcerous defect in the damaged area of the colon, all of which are typical for IBD conditions. There was an increase in DAI (peak on Day 6) and TDI (peak on Day 2). We also found an increase in NC (peak on Day 2), LC (peak on Day 6), EC (peak on Day 2), PC (peak on Day 2), HC (peak on Day 2), and FC (peak on Day 2). There was an increase in MPO expression (peak on Day 2) and TNF-α expression (peak on Days 2 and 4). We observed increases in the primary, secondary, and end LPP counts and the early-phase and late-phase POM counts in spontaneous and induced modes. An administration of 1500ME vitamin D3 rectal suppositories every 12 hours for 6 days decreased the severity of clinical manifestations and DAI. It reduced the area of the ulcerous defect and decreased the TDI on Days 4 and 6 of the experiment. On the background of using vitamin D3 rectal suppositories, we found a decrease in NC, EC, LC, and PC in the damaged area and an increase in HC and FC on Days 2, 4, and 6 from the start of the experiment. Administration of D3 rectal suppositories decreased МРО expression and TNF-α expression on Days 4 and 6 of EC. In the damaged area of the colon, we observed a decrease in the counts of the primary, secondary, and end LPP on Days 4 and 6 of the experiment. We also documented a decrease in the POM count in spontaneous mode on Day 2 and on Day 6 in induced mode. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 as a constituent of originator rectal suppositories in total dose 18,000 МЕ in the pre-clinical phase of EC decreases the intensity of EC clinical manifestations. It reduces the count of the cells that take part in tissue destruction in the colonic wall, of TNF-α and MPO expression levels, and LPP- and POM product count. It increases the count of the cells, which promotes tissue reparation. The obtained results are essential for carrying out further research aimed at elaboration of the mechanism of the D3 effect in cases of IBD and at its possible clinical use.
Журнал включен в Перечень рецензируемых научных изданий ВАКАннотация: Цель работы -изучить морфофункциональные взаимосвязи при комбинированном применении эритропоэтина (ЭПО) и лазерного излучения (ЛИ) при экспериментальном спинальном инсульте (СИ) -реализо-вана на 54 нелинейных крысах, СИ моделировали тотальной интравазальной окклюзией брюшной аорты и ее ветвей, через 2 ч проводили накожное ЛИ диодным лазером (длина волны 980 нм), через 3, 24 и 48 ч применяли ЭПО в дозе 5000 МЕ/кг. Микроциркуляцию в спинном мозге (СМ) оценивали с помощью лазерной доплеровской флоуметрии. При экспериментальном СИ в СМ снижается микроциркуляция, количество интактных нейронов, кровеносных сосудов, увеличивается количество нейронов с хроматолизом, клеток-теней, глиальных клеток. При комбинированном применении ЭПО и ЛИ увеличивается микроциркуляции в зоне ишемии СМ как по отноше-нию к контрольной группе, так и к интактным животным; морфологическим субстратом эффектов ЭПО и ЛИ выступают увеличение в СМ количества нормальных нейронов, глиальных клеток, кровеносных сосудов и сни-жение количества клеток с хроматолизом, клеток-теней. При СИ изменение показателя микроциркуляции ассо-циированы с количеством кровеносных сосудов, интактных нейронов, нейронов с хроматолизом, клеток-теней, глиоцитов. Ключевые слова: спинальный инсульт, морфология спинного мозга, эритропоэтин, лазерное излучение.Плейотропные эффекты эритропоэтина (ЭПО) являются объектом пристального внима-ния многих исследователей. Наличие рецепторов к ЭПО на неэритроидных клетках (нейроны, кар-диомиоциты, эндотелиоциты, лейкоциты и др.) позволяет предположить новые эффекты ЭПО [2][3][4]7]. В частности, ЭПО играет большую роль в эмбриональном развитии мозга, восстановлении когнитивной функции и препятствии атрофии мозга при экспериментальном сотрясении, ауто-иммунном энцефаломиелите [70, 275]. В связи с этим, возникает вопрос о нейропротекторном дей-ствии ЭПО при ишемических поражениях ЦНС, например, спинальном инсульте (СИ), эффектив-ность терапевтических подходов при котором остается невысокой, поэтому поиск и введение в практику новых подходов лечения является акту-альным для практической медицины. В настоя- Since 1999
Multiple effects of ozone are a prerequisite for its use in the complex therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases. Our aim was to analyze the effects of ozone and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in oxazolone-induced colitis (OIC) upon the innate immunity functions. OIC was modeled in 72 male Wistar rats weighing 24020 g by a two-stage application of oxazolone solution. Ozone at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg, as a part of ozone-oxygen mixture, was injected intraperitoneally every 24 hours. The laboratory indices were studied on the days 2, 4, 6. In blood samples, the number of leukocytes, differential leukocyte counts, absorptive capacity of blood neutrophils and their oxygen-dependent metabolism were studied. In homogenate of the colon mucosa, IL-17 concentration was measured. In OIC, on days 2, 4, and 6, the number of blood leukocytes was increased, with a predominance of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and their absorption capacity; the concentration of IL-17 increased in the areas of colonic damage. On days 2 and 4, the activity and intensity of the spontaneous NBT test is increased like as activity and intensity of induced NBT-test on days 2 and 6. Administration of ozone reduced the content of blood leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils on days 2 and 6, like as their absorption capacity on days 2 and 4, along with a decrease in NCT-reducing ability on days 6, and decreased IL-17 concentration in the area of colonic damage on days 4 and 6. The effects of ozone administration in OIC, if compared with 5-ASA, are less pronounced on days 2 and 4, with respect to decreased number of monocytes, neutrophils in blood and their absorption capacity on days 2, like as IL-17 concentration in the area of colonic damage on days 4 and 6.
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