Objective. To study relation between carotid atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension, and possible benefits of surgery. Design and methods. 70 hypertensive patients operated on cerebral arteries were examined: 50 patients had stenosis of carotid arteries (CA) and 20 - cerebral arterial anomalies. Results. The patients with carotid atherosclerosis had higher blood pressure (BP) than patients with brachiocefalic arterial anomaly (103,6 ± 11,3 and 91,7 ± 6,6 mmHg, respectively; r = 0,00007). This difference has disappeared in postoperative period. Both systolic (from 145,1 ± 14,7 to 135,6 ± 12,3 mmHg; р = 0,02), and diastolic (from 83,3 ± 10,2 to 78,1 ± 9,7 mmHg; р = 0,02) blood pressure reduced after the surgery on CA. Conclusions. We conclude that there is an association between ВР level and carotid atherosclerosis. The reduction of BP was observed in postoperative period in patients with atherosclerosis of CA.

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At present, the problem of concomitant diseases still remains very important for medical science as well as for medical practice. Arterial hypertension is one of the most actual global healthcare problems, holding the leading place among cardiovascular diseases. Acid-related diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease and duodenal ulcer are also widely-spread with the tendency of prevalence growth, and are having the leading place among gastrointestinal diseases. The combination of arterial hypertension and acid-related diseases is a new state of an organism regulation. Their synchronism is not accidental, as both diseases share links of the general etiology and pathogenesis. The daily arterial pressure profile and heart rhythm variability has a number of distinctive features when the diseases collide. The presence and progression of esophageal and duodenal mucous membranes inflammation in these patients promotes the certain arterial blood pressure profile formation. The data concerning the prevalence, common etiology and pathogenesis, features of hemodynamics and clinical manifestations in patients with arterial hypertension associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease are reviewed. Data of autonomic regulation features, 24-hour blood pressure profile and central hemodynamics condition in patients the combination with the mentioned diseases are also covered.

The study of the hydrodynamic structure of Tornado-like swirling viscous flows has proved that these flows possess a strictly organized laminar structure which can be exhaustively described using the exact solution of nonstationary Navier-Stocks and Continuity equations [6]. The flows of this type belong to the class of quasi-potential self-organizing swirling flows that serve the restoration of equilibrium in nature. These flows are characterized by a high efficiency of medium transportation while the energy losses are minimized. This is manifested in a significant decrease of hydrodynamic resistance and special organization of the boundary layer. Recent studies performed in Bakulev Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery (Moscow, RF) have proved that the structure of blood flow corresponds to the class of Tornado-like swirling flows. This allows modeling the optimum geometry of the surgically reconstructed flow channel of the heart and major arteries in order to exclude excessive flow disturbances. Most currently used substituting implantable devices contacting with the blood do not take into account the peculiar hydrodynamic properties of blood flow in the heart and great vessels. This leads to the formation of undesirable disturbance of the hydrodynamic flow structure, i.e. stagnant or separation zones, which can create conditions for thrombus formation and hyperplasia. Therefore, the exact solution can serve as a basis for the design of implantable devices contacting with blood flow without significant distortion of its structure. The following devices have been proposed. - The aortic valve prosthesis, whose flowing surface has a convergent circular cross-section in the open position. Use of this prosthesis should provide significant reduction in the intensity of anticoagulant therapy after implantation. - Blood vessel prosthesis with radial elasticity and convergent shape in accordance with the replaced section of artery. - Circulatory assist device, whose working chamber contains directing profile on the inner surface corresponding to the Tornado-like flow streamlines. - Hydrodynamic bench for physical modeling of the Tornado-like flow with specified characteristics, allowing testing of implantable devices contacting with blood flow under physiological conditions. The implantable devices for cardiovascular surgery designed on the basis of exact solutions of nonstationary hydrodynamics equations for the Tornado-like swirling flows will be more effective and safe, will reduce the rehabilitation time, and improve the quality of life of patients after surgery.