Цель-обзор научной и технической литературы, касающейся возможности использования сорбционных процессов в технологии систем доставки лекарственных веществ. Материалы и методы. В качестве материалов исследования использовали электронные ресурсы eLIBRARY, CyberLeninka, PubMed. Методы исследования-анализ и обобщение научной литературы за период с 1996 года по настоящее время. Результаты. Сорбенты выступают в роли носителей для различных лекарственных веществ при приеме per os, а также в роли дозаторов различных соединений в организме человека при использовании полимерных систем доставки в виде глазных пленок и стентов. Доставка лекарственных веществ происходит при помощи сорбционных процессов массопереноса. В роли носителей для различных веществ используются следующие сорбенты: активированный уголь, минеральные сорбенты-медицинские глины, синтетические сорбенты-полимеры и их биоаналоги. В России зарегистрировано 6 групп фармацевтических субстанций, предназначенных для производства лекарственных препаратов энтеросорбентов, которые возможно использовать в качестве сорбента-носителя в сорбционной лекарственной системе: активированный уголь, кремния диоксид коллоидный, поливинилпирролидон, смектит диоктаэдрический, полиметилсилоксана полигидрат. Разработана модель сорбционной лекарственной системы, состоящая из сорбента-носителя, активного фармацевтического ингредиента и вспомогательных веществ, обеспечивающих десорбцию. Десорбция активного фармацевтического ингредиента может способствовать его модифицированному высвобождению. Технология получения сорбционных лекарственных систем требует дальнейшего изучения и разработки методов моделирования, поиска экспериментальных фармакологических моделей и технологических методик, позволяющих получить сорбционную лекарственную форму с модифицированным высвобождением. Заключение. Проведен обзор использования сорбционных процессов в технологии систем доставки лекарственных веществ, разработана модель сорбционной лекарственной системы.
Introduction. Substances with sorption properties can be used to create transport drug systems, in which the main mechanism of binding, transport and release of the drug molecule is sorption. The sorbent in this case acts as a carrier of the drug molecule, followed by its delivery to the destination by desorption. One of the ways to study the processes of sorption-desorption in transport drug systems is the study of the morphology of the sorption substance. Therefore, the morphological analysis of sorption substances is important, including the size, shape, and spatial organization of their structural elements.Aim. The study of the morphology of sorption substances.Materials and methods. The materials of the study are active coal, silicon dioxide, povidone, dioctahedral smectite, kaolin and montmorillonite clay. The methods is scanning electron microscopy.Results and discussion. The scanning electron microscopy of objects was carried out using segmentation of elements as subsystems, inside of which the morphological description does not penetrate. It was established that for coal of active and silicon dioxide, the segmentation of elements is represented by three levels of organization; for povidone, smectite, kaolin and montmorillonite clay, the segmentation of elements is represented by two levels of organization. The morphology of the objects was investigated. It is established that the studied substances are microstructural objects. Porosity in samples of active coal, smectite dioctahedral, kaolin, montmorillonite clay was determined. In samples of silicon dioxide and povidone porosity is absent.Conclusion. Morphological analysis of sorption substances allowed us to develop classification of the possible interaction of the carrier substance with the drug molecule in the transport drug system. The materials under study are divided into two groups according to porous characteristics: group 1 – porous substances – sorption interaction in pores (active coal), sorption interaction in pores and by ion exchange (smectite, montmorillonite clay), sorption in secondary pores and through oxygen and hydroxyl centers (kaolin); group 2 – non-porous substances – sorption on oxygen centers (silicon dioxide), sorption by means of complex formation (povidone). The prospect of further research is the modeling of porosity and sorption interaction of the carrier substance with the drug molecule in the drug transport system.
Фармация и фармакология. № 2, 2014 3 УДК 615.013.011.4 ИЗУЧЕНИЕ МОРФОЛОГИИ И ПОРИСТОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ГЛИН Е.Т. Жилякова, А.В. Бондарев Медицинский институт Белгородского государственного национального исследовательского университета, г. Белгород В статье представлены результаты исследования морфологии и пористой структуры медицинских глин. Определены удельная поверхность, объем пор и общий размер пор. Ключевые слова: глина, адсорбция, поры.The article presents the results of the research of morphology and porous structure of medical clays. The specific surface area, volume of pores and the average size of pores were identified.
The aimof this research is the review of scientific and technical literature regarding possibility of using sorption processes in the technology of drug delivery systems.Materials and methods. The materials are the following electronic resources: eLIBRARY, CyberLeninka, PubMed. The methods of review are analysis and synthesis. The study covers the scientific literature from 1996 up to the present time.Results.Sorbents are used as carriers for various medicinal peroral substances, they are also dispensers of various compounds in the form of polymeric eye films and stents in the human body. The delivery of medicinal substances occurs with the help of sorption processes of mass transfer. Currently, the following medical substances are used as carriers for medicinal substances: activated carbon, mineral sorbents (medical clays, synthetic sorbents), polymers and their biosimilars. 6 groups of pharmaceutical substances are registered for the production of enterosorbents in Russia and they can be used as sorbent carriers in the sorption drug system. They are: activated carbon, colloidal silicon dioxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dioctahedral smectite, polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate. As a result of the study, the model of the sorption drug system has been developed. It consists of sorbent carrier, active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipients that provide the desorption. Desorption of the active pharmaceutical ingredient may contribute to its modified release. The technology for obtaining sorption medicinal systems requires further study and development of modeling methods, searching for experimental pharmacological models and technological methods, which make it possible to obtain sorption dosage form with modified release.Conclusion.The review of the sorption processes used in the technology of drug delivery systems has been carried out. The model of the sorption drug system has been developed.
The development of an ophthalmic therapeutic system includes research on the spatial structure of soft contact lens polymers and the study of the processes of saturation and release of medicinal substances from them. This allows you to determine the methods of saturation of contact lenses with medicinal agents and will open up new opportunities in the treatment of ophthalmological diseases. The purpose of this preliminary fragment of large-scale research was to study the surface structure of soft contact lenses made of various polymers. The following polymers were used in the work: Nelfilcon A, Hilafilcon B, Nezofilcon A, Etafilcon A, Lotrafilcon B. The following pharmaceutical substances were used: Brimonidine Tartrate, Betaxolol Hydrochloride, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride. The surface structure of soft contact lenses was studied using atomic force microscopy. Each material under study has a different surface character, which together with the differences in pore properties determines its individuality. Based on this, it should be assumed that the surface of soft contact lenses affects the possibility of their potential use as a means of delivering drug agent molecules to the eye tissues. In all cases of soft contact saturation, the highest absorption capacity was demonstrated by Hilafilcon B and Etafilcon A with a similar surface.
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