Here we evaluated the efficacy of bone repair using various native bovine biomaterials (refined hydroxyapatite (HA), demineralised bone matrix (DBM), and purified bone collagen (COLL)) as compared with commercially available bone mineral and bone autografts. We employed a conventional critical-sized (8 mm diameter) rat calvarial defect model (6-month-old male Sprague–Dawley rats, n = 72 in total). The artificial defect was repaired using HA, DBM, COLL, commercially available bone mineral powder, bone calvarial autograft, or remained unfilled (n = 12 animals per group). Rats were euthanised 4 or 12 weeks postimplantation (n = 6 per time point) with the subsequent examination to assess the extent, volume, area, and mineral density of the repaired tissue by means of microcomputed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Bovine HA and DBM powder exhibited excellent repair capability similar to the autografts and commercially available bone mineral powder while COLL showed higher bone repair rate. We suggest that HA and DBM powder obtained from bovine bone tissue can be equally applied for the repair of bone defects and demonstrate sufficient potential to be implemented into clinical studies.

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of heterologous demineralised bone matrix (DBM) for the replacement of bone defects using a critical-sized rat calvarial defect model. Materials and Methods. For the experiments, we used 48 Sprague-Dawley rats (4.5 to 6 months of age). Critical-sized (8 mm diameter) calvarial defect was filled by the bone autograft, heterologous DBM, or comparator product (Geistlich BioOss®) or remained unfilled (negative control). Upon 4 or 12 weeks, rats were euthanised with the subsequent investigation of the defect and adjacent tissues by means of hematoxylin and eosin staining (mineralized tissue area to the defect area ratio) and microcomputed tomography (volume, thickness, and mineral density of the repaired tissue). Results. In our experimental setting, bone autograft was the most efficient in bone repair. Heterologous DBM and comparator product were equally efficient in filling the defect and did not show any statistically significant differences regarding any of the parameters. Microcomputed tomography and routine histological examination demonstrated concordant results. Conclusion. Heterologous DBM is efficient for the repair of critical-sized rat calvarial defects.

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The use of autologous adipose tissue-derived cell products to restore the morphology and function of organs and tissues affected by the disease have become widespread in regenerative medicine. For the wide application of cell-based products in clinical practice, it is important to develop and implement new devices to automate and standardize the isolation of stromal vascular fraction cells. This work aimed to compare cell products obtained from human adipose tissue using two systems, both registered in the Russian Federation and based on enzymatic and mechanical methods of cell fractions isolation. As clinical material, we used samples of adipose tissue in the form of lipoaspirate obtained from healthy patients. The isolation of cell products was performed according to the instructions for the use of these systems. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of these systems for the isolation of cell fractions was carried out by evaluating several parameters determined for obtained cell products. The cell product obtained by the enzymatic method is characterized by a high yield of nucleated cells, as well as a high proliferative potential of stem cells isolated from adipose tissue. The cellular product obtained from adipose tissue using the mechanical method is characterized by a low yield of nucleated cells, the presence of a large volume of residual oil, and destroyed connective tissue in the final product. The work shows that the method of adipose tissue processing (enzymatic or mechanical) has a significant effect on the characteristics of the products obtained.