Puropose of the study. Basing on the previously obtained results on the proven high efficiency of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest organs in the visualization of major lung diseases, in the current period of mass incidence of viral pneumonia (VP) caused by COVID-19, we tried to study the possibility of using MRI OGK to image lung damage in this pathology both in primary detection and for follow-up reconvalescence control.Material and methods. MRI of the chest in T1 -, T2-weighted modes (T1-w, T2-w), also with fat suppression, diffusion-weighted, STIR-modes, in the axial and frontal planes, with breath holding, or with automatic synchronization of acquisition with breathing was carried-out in 47 patients with VP of various severity, 32 of them were confirmed by PCR as COVID-19, all did have a clinic of pneumonia. The control group comprised 15 volunteers, of them 8 non-smokers, and 7 smokers. In 18 patients, an CT study of the chest was also performed, with a step of 0.5–1.25 mm, with full coverage of the chest and reconstruction of axial and frontal slices, with a comparison of MRI and CT of the chest. In 8 patients, MRI of the chest was then performed again, for follow-up control of clinical recovery. There were no deaths among our patientsResults. The duration of a complete MRI examination of the chest was less than 25 minutes in all cases (21 ± 4 minutes on average), and less than 10 minutes in the chest CT. In all cases, MRI imaging of the affected area was achieved using a group of MRI protocols, which included axial T1-w and axial and frontal T2-w, and lasted < 12 minutes, counting the time for laying the patient.In normal patients without pathology of the lungs, not smoking, the lung was visualized as a diffuse homogeneous air region with a minimum share interstitial and vascular space. In patients - smokers, lung MRI was slightly enhanced in the dorsal parts of both lungs, disorders of airiness and interstitial exudative changes weren't present. In the acute phase of the disease, pulmonary ventilation disorders and interstitial exudative changes that form the morphological basis of lung damage in COVID-19 were visualized as local, corresponding to the location and nature (sub-segmental, segmental, polysegmental) of the pathological focus, both T1-w and T2-w modes. MRI of the chest provided diagnosis of lung pathology in all cases, while the extent of the pathological focus on the MRI image in T2-w was 14–19% greater than on the CT. The correlation of the calculated volume of affected lung tissue between CT and MRI of the chest wasas high as r = 0.95 (p < 0.001). The values of the volume of the affected tissue in T1-w and T2-w did not differ from each other in the intergroup comparison and correlated strongly and reliably, r = 0.985 (p < 0.001). MRI in DWI mode showed a sensitivity of 81% (38/47) in detecting COVID-lung lesions. The duration of DWI in all cases was more than 6 minutes, more than twice as long as all other MRI protocols together. The volume of pleural effusion, clearly visible with T2-VI, in all our cases did not exceed 100 ml. In a prospective follow-up of 8 patients with COVID-19, chest MRI ptovided evidence-based visualization of the recovery process in all cases, with a decrease or complete regression of the exudation component.Conclusion. MRI of the chest with respiratory synchronization or with breath-holding can be used for early diagnosis of inflammatory lung lesions in COVID-viral pneumonia and for subsequent follow-up control, is not accompanied by radiation exposure and closely correlates with the results of chest CT recruited as a modern standard for the diagnosis of pneumonia.

Background. Despite recent numerous studies, etiopathogenesis, treatment and rehabilitation of children with heart rhythm disorders haven’t been studied well. We paid attention to the significant impact of mineral nutrients on cardiac activity, while addressing to the viable solutions. Aim. To measure the levels of essential and conditionally essential mineral nutrients and to determine any relationships between their concentrations in hair and in the intraoperative biopsy specimens obtained from children with congenital heart disease and heart rhythm disorders. Methods 55 children (34 boys and 21 girls) aged 6 to 17 years with different heart rhythm disorders and congenital heart disease were included in the study. Levels of 15 essential mineral nutrients (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, copper, iron, iodine, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc) and 3 conditionally essential nutrients (boron, silicon, vanadium) were measured in hair and in the intraoperative biopsy specimens obtained from children with congenital heart disease using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of the study were processed using variational and alternative statistic methods with the commercially available software “MedStat”. Results The lack of essential nutrients (K, Mn, Se, Cr, P, Co, S, Cu, Na, Mo) and conditionally essential mineral, Si, in the intraoperative biopsy specimens of the heart and great arteries has been found. The direct strong correlation between the levels of essential (K, Mn, Se, Cr, Co) and conditionally essential (Si) minerals in hair and heart tissues of children with congenital heart disease and heart rhythm disorders has been determined. Conclusion The deficit of essential (potassium, manganese, selenium, chromium, phosphorus, cobalt, sulfur, copper, sodium, molybdenum) and conditionally essential (silicon) mineral nutrients, and the direct strong correlation between their levels in hair and heart tissues of children with congenital heart disease and heart rhythm disorders allows using hair as a biosubstrate, which is highly informative for the measurement of nutrients in the human body.

Современные подходы к оценке качества жизни детей с аритмиями А. В. ДубоваяДонецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького, Донецк, Украина Modern approaches to assessing the quality of life in children with arrhythmias А. V. DubovayaM. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk, Ukraine Представлен специальный опросник «Качество жизни детей с аритмиями», отражающий субъективную оценку качества жизни пациентов с нарушениями ритма сердца, и методика комплексной оценки качества жизни детей с аритмиями на ос-новании субъективных и объективных данных. Приведены результаты использования указанных способов оценки каче-ства жизни у 151 ребенка (71 девочка и 80 мальчиков) в возрасте от 6 до 18 лет с различными нарушениями ритма сердца. У 21,9±3,4% детей с аритмией жалобы отсутствовали, у 29,8±3,7% пациентов носили неспецифический характер, наблю-даясь редко, что свидетельствовало об отсутствии снижения качества жизни по данным субъективной оценки. Показатели комплексной оценки качества жизни были достоверно ниже (р <0,05) данных субъективной оценки. Так, по данным ком-плексной оценки качества жизни, аритмии у 84,8±2,9% детей сопровождались снижением качества жизни различной степе-ни, по данным субъективной оценки -у 48,3±4,1% пациентов. Достоверно чаще (р <0,001) снижение качества жизни имело место у больных с органической патологией сердца и/или признаками хронической сердечной недостаточности. Ведущими причинами снижения качества жизни явились изменения самочувствия (56,3±4,0% больных), нарушения психоэмоциональ-ного статуса (77,5±3,4%), вегетативная дисфункция (81,5±3,2%), снижение уровня адаптации (82,8±3,1%), патологиче-ские изменения функционального состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы по данным ЭКГ, 24-часового мониторирования ЭКГ, допплерэхокардиографии (84,1±3,0%). 2016; 61: 5: 75-81. DOI: 10.21508/1027 61: 5: 75-81. DOI: 10.21508/ -4065-2016 The paper presents the special questionnaire «Quality of Life in Children with Arrhythmias» that reflects the subjective assessment of quality of life (QOL) in patients with cardiac arrhythmias and a procedure for the comprehensive assessment of QOL in children with arrhythmias on the basis of subjective and objective data. It gives the results of using the above procedures for assessing QOL in 151 children (71 girls and 80 boys) aged 6-18 years with various cardiac arrhythmias. Complaints were absent in 21,9±3,4% of the children with arrhythmia and were nonspecific, being rarely observed, in 29,8±3,7%, suggesting that there was no reduction in QOL according to their subjective assessments. Comprehensive assessment of QOL showed that its indicators were significantly lower (p <0,05) than those obtained by subjective assessments. Thus, cardiac arrhythmias accompanied by a varying decrease in QOL were seen in 84,8±2,9% of the children, as shown by its comprehensive assessment and in 48,3±4,1% of the patients, as evidenced by their subjective assessments. Patients with organic heart disease and/or signs of chronic heart failure exhibited a decrease...

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Проблема артериальной гипертензии в педиатрической практике в последние десятилетия становится более актуальной в связи с возрастающей частотой повышения артериального давления, торпидности к проводимой терапии, риском развития осложнений. В статье представлены изменения аминокислотного состава крови и мочи у детей с эссенциальной артериальной гипертензией. Аминокислотный профиль плазмы крови и мочи пациентов с эссенциальной артериальной гипертензией характеризовался повышением уровней валина, тирозина, фенилаланина, глицина, серина. Представлен клинический случай, демонстрирующий увеличение содержания валина, тирозина, фенилаланина, лейцина у пациента с эссенциальной артериальной гипертензией. Изменения аминокислотного профиля при эссенциальной артериальной гипертензии проявляются на ранних стадиях и могут иметь прогностическое значение.