Современные способы лечения внутричерепных аневризм являются предметом дискуссий между сторонниками «традиционной» микрохирургической техники и относительно нового эндоваскулярного лечения. В статье представлен опыт нейрохирургов ― сторонников открытой микрохирургии. Сложные аневризмы задней циркуляции в настоящее время, как правило, оперируются эндоваскулярно, в то время как аневризмы переднего бассейна могут быть вылечены обоими методами, а для аневризм средней мозговой артерии (СМА) и дистальных аневризм передней мозговой артерии (ПМА) лучше подходит микрохирургия. Техническое усовершенствование и, вероятно, снижение стоимости эндоваскулярных устройств будут способствовать тенденции к использованию эндоваскулярного метода. Однако потребность в хорошо подготовленных микрососудистых хирургах останется, и надлежащая подготовка будущих поколений таких специалистов в условиях снижения числа пациентов и случаев открытых хирургических вмешательств представляет собой серьезную проблему для нейрохирургического сообщества, решение которой предстоит найти.
<p>This article presents a literature review devoted to the reconstruction of the distal vertebral artery and a clinical case of successful surgical treatment of a patient suffering from vertebrobasilar insufficiency caused by occlusion of the vertebral artery in a proximal segment. The external carotid artery-distal vertebral artery bypass was performed by using the radial artery.</p><p>Received 27 February 2017. Revised 25 July 2017. Accepted 3 August 2017.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.<br /><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p> </p>
The objective is to present 2 clinical cases of complete vision loss after bifrontal access during craniotomy due to vascular brain pathology.Materials and methods. In one case, a bifrontal skin incision was used during subfrontal craniotomy to remove frontal lobe arteriovenous malformation, in the other one – to apply intracranial side-to-side anastomosis between A3 segments of both anterior cerebral arteries, and to clip proximal aneurysms of the anterior connecting artery and the anterior cerebral artery on the right. After the surgery, patients developed bilateral amaurosis and ophthalmoplegia. We analyzed data on patients’ general clinical condition and their ophthalmological status prior to the surgery, as well as surgical videos and anesthesia records.Results. Intraoperative iatrogenic damage of cranial nerves and arteries was excluded. We distinguished that a suspected intraoperative factor, playing a decisive role, was a piece of skin applying direct pressure on the eyeballs. It was removed during the surgery.Conclusion. To prevent the development of such a complication as vision loss, it is necessary to carefully evaluate all possible risks at preoperative and intraoperative stages. During the surgery, all organs and systems at risk should be monitored. It is important to prevent a sudden drop in blood pressure and massive blood loss. During craniotomy, any eyeballs compression must be avoided.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Informed consent. All patients gave written informed consent to publication of their data.
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