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Under electric steel smelting workshop (ESSW) OAO Volzhskii Pipe Plant operating conditions the evolution of design and life of oxide-carbon refractories produced and supplied by OAO BKO in the period 2004 -2008 is followed. Operation of the working refractory lining layer of 150-ton steel-pouring ladles of ESSW furnace-ladles is analyzed, and the main areas for improving refractory composition and lining design are determined.The electric steel smelting workshop (ESSW) of OAO Volzhskii Pipe Plant (OAO VTZ) with a capacity of 900 thousand tons of steel per year provides the requirement of the enterprise for steel pipe manufacture. The modern electric steel smelting equipment includes the following units: an arc steel smelting furnace with a melt weight of 150 tons, water-cooled panels and roof, window delivery of metal; two furnace-ladle units (FLU) for finishing melt with respect to chemical composition and temperature with introduction of artificial slag and blowing with argon; a yard for steel-pouring ladles with a capacity of 150 tons in an amount of seventeen units; a steel vacuum degassing installation (VD-process); three four-stream units for continuous billet casting of the curvilinear type. Use of advanced technology and highly efficient equipment makes it possible to obtain high quality steel billets with an ultralow content of harmful impurities and gases.After introduction in 2000 of an oxide-carbon lining for steel-pouring ladles specialists of OAO VTZ started to attempt to improve the quality specifications for smelted steel and to reduce its cost. Intensification of production operations and steel processing under ESSW OAO VTZ conditions (argon blowing, steel vacuum degassing) lining service conditions in metallurgical units became complicated. The process of vacuum degassing of steel, active movement of metal and slag as a result of bottom blowing, created particularly severe service conditions for refractories in steel-pouring ladles, caused intense action on the oxide-carbon linings of a high temperature (up to 1720°C), corrosive molten slags, variable gas atmospheres, and increased thermomechanical loads. The requirement for completion of alloying, deoxidation, homogenizing metal with respect to chemical composition and temperature markedly increased the metal dwell time in ladles.Expenditure on repair and assembly of linings was a considerable part of the cost of pipe steel production. A reduction in specific expenditure in the consumption of refractory materials and an increase in the service life of linings of metallurgical units will make it possible to increase the operating efficiency of ESSW OAO VTZ. An increase in the life of trouble-free operation of linings is provided by improved technology and increasing the technical property indices and quality of refractories used, continuous observation of the design of the lining of the working layer providing uniform wear of all lining elements.The scientific and practical research center for improving technology and production (TsSTiP) of OAO...

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The formation of interstitial atoms and vacancies, as well as their clusters in the form of dislocation loops and voids in CdTe is simulated. The sizes and features of the growth of dislocation loops and voids were determined depending on the irradiation time, taking into account the decrease in the number of nodes of the semiconductor crystal lattice with the irradiation time, since in experiments we studied a thin CdTe foil in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The calculated and experimental data are compared.

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