The association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular risk is currently one of the actively studied areas. The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease continues to grow worldwide. In the structure of mortality rate of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the first place is occupied by cardiovascular events: stroke and myocardial infarction. Studies have shown that the presence of severe liver fibrosis (F3-4) in NAFLD not only increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but also increases the risk of overall mortality by 69% due to mortality from cardiovascular causes. The degree of increased risk is associated with the degree of activity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Despite the large number of works on this topic, we do not have a clear opinion on the impact on cardiovascular risk, interaction and the contribution of various factors, as well as algorithms for managing patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This article describes the pathogenetic factors of formation of cardiovascular risks in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, proposed the idea of stratification of cardiovascular risks in these patients, taking into account changes in the structure of the liver (fibrosis) and function (clinical and biochemical activity) and also it describes the main directions of drug therapy, taking into account the common pathogenetic mechanisms for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. The role of obesity, local fat depots, adipokines, and endothelial dysfunction as the leading pathogenetic factors of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with NAFLD is discussed. Among pathogenetically justified drugs in conditions of poly and comorbidity, hypolipidemic (statins, fibrates), angiotensin II receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, etc. can be considered. According to numerous studies, it becomes obvious that the assessment of cardiovascular risks in patients with NAFLD will probably allow prescribing cardiological drugs, selecting individualized therapy regimens, taking into account the form of NAFLD, and on the other hand, building curation taking into account the identified cardiovascular risks.
We discussed about the term intestinal permeability like as the mucosal barrier a single structural and functional conception that includes the layer of mucus, the indigenous microbiota and the epithelium of the mucosa in this publication. Information was presented about the role of the microbiota, the composition of intestinal mucus, epithelial cells and proteins of tight junctions which lead to various metabolic diseases. The complex pathogenetic interactions are formed between the intestinal mucosal barrier, metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. The complex researches and modification of this interactions will allow to create personalized approaches and to prevent of these diseases.
Актуальной проблемой современной медицины является поиск связей между неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. Реальная клиническая практика нуждается в углублении знаний о взаимном влиянии этих патологий и разработке алгоритмов сопровождения таких коморбидных пациентов.В обзоре актуальной литературы показаны данные об увеличении кардиоваскулярных рисков и ускорении прогрессирования патологии печени при сочетании неалкогольной жировой болезни печени и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. В статье описаны звенья патогенеза неалкогольной жировой болезни печени, оказывающие влияние на развитие сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (инсулинорезистентность, гипоадипонектинемия, гиперлептинемия, нарушения липидного обмена, активация воспаления и др.). Продемонстрирована роль воспаления, гормональных изменений и влияние кишечной микробиоты на течение обоих заболеваний. В обзоре представлены данные о влиянии общих факторов риска (нарушение липидного обмена, нарушение углеводного обмена, ожирение и др.) на течение обеих патологий. Приведены данные литературы о связи неалкогольной жировой болезни печени с развитием артериальной гипертензии (прежде всего за счет увеличения жесткости сосудистой стенки), ишемической болезнью Тимакова Арина Юрьевна, студент 4 курса лечебного факультета Скирденко Юлия Петровна, ассистент кафедры факультетской терапии, профессиональных болезней, кандидат медицинский наук Ливзан Мария Анатольевна, ректор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии, профессиональных болезней, профессор, д. м. н. Кролевец Татьяна Сергеевна, ассистент кафедры факультетской терапии, профессиональных болезней, кандидат медицинский наук Николаев Николай Анатольевич, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии, профессиональных болезней, доцент, д. м. н. Нелидова Анастасия Владимировна, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, доцент, кандидат медицинский наук Arina Yu. Timakova, medical faculty, student
Introduction. The economic well-being of the country depends on the size of the able-bodied population. The maximum possible preservation of labor potential is an essential task of public health in any country. The complexity and diversity of factors affecting the population’s mortality make the problem of studying this index considered one of the most urgent. The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamics of mortality of Russia’s able-bodied population from the circulatory system’s diseases. Material and methods. as the research materials, the Single Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System’s official information. Results. During the past ten years, the mortality rate of the able-bodied population of Russia has been reduced by 1,7 times from all causes. The life expectancy at birth has increased by six years, and the proportion of non-disabled people has decreased by 7% in the population structure. The leading causes of mortality of Russia’s able-bodied population in 2016 were diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) and external causes in the presence of significant differences between Russia’s federal districts. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease occupy a vital place in the mortality structure of Russia’s able-bodied population. There were significant regional differences in the mortality rate of Russia’s able-bodied population from IHD (2.7 times). In regions with a high mortality rate of the able-bodied population from the DCS, a mortality rate of the able-bodied population from IHD was high. In all areas of Russia, the mortality rate of working-age men is higher than that of women. Conclusion. High mortality rates of Russia’s able-bodied population from DCS determine significant social and economic losses in the country. It put the task of optimizing existing and developing additional activities to study the causes of regional and gender differences, creating and improving organizational and medico-social technologies to improve the demographic situation.
Цель. Оценить частоту распространения избыточной массы тела (ИзМТ) и ожирения (Ож) у пациентов, перенесших инфаркт миокарда (ИМ), и разработать способ контроля достижения целевых значений МТ при длительном амбулаторном наблюдении. Материал и методы. В исследование включены 211 пациентов в возрасте 33-68 лет (средний возраст 54,5±6,8), перенесших ИМ, со стабильным течением ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС) на протяжении 3 мес., предшествующих включению в исследование. Для оценки соотношения веса и роста использовали индекс массы тела (ИМТ), по величине которого пациенты разделены на 3 группы: с нормальной массой тела (ИМТ=18-24,9 кг/м 2), с ИзМТ (ИМТ=25-29,9 кг/м 2), с Ож (ИМТ>30 кг/м 2). Результаты. В группе пациентов, перенесших ИМ, ИМТ составил 27,8 кг/м 2 (25,0-31,1). Среди обследуемых более высокие значения ИМТ были у женщин, по сравнению с мужчинами (р=0,000…). Статистически значимой разницы по ИМТ между возрастными категориями не выявлено (р=0,64). Заключение. Учитывая высокую частоту распространения ИзМТ и Ож, участковый врач должен сформировать у пациента, перенесшего ИМ, мотивацию на здоровое пищевое поведение, направленное на снижение риска развития повторных сосудистых событий. Ключевые слова: сердечно-сосудистый риск, масса тела, пациенты, перенесшие инфаркт миокарда.
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