Currently higher morbidity and mortality rates are observed in cancer diseases, especially sex-dependent cancers. A positive role of endogenous vitamin D concentration in cancer diseases has been reported in many publications. Furthermore, there has been observed a relationship between serum vitamin D and testosterone concentrations in an elderly Caucasian population carrying the vitamin D receptor FokI gene polymorphism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism is associated with cancerogenesis in sex-dependent cancers. The MEDLINE and ResearchGate databases were used to search for articles up to January 2017, and 96 articles concerning the FokI polymorphism were chosen. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the strength of associations between polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor and cancer risk in the described populations. The fixed-effects model and the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model (with weights based on the inverse variance) were used to calculate summary odds ratios, and both within- and between-study variation were considered. Generally, the F variant reduces the risk of cancer by 4% (odds ratio = 0.96, p value = 0.0057). This effect is particularly evident in female sex-associated cancers (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.93-0.99, p value = 0.0259), but it is not observed in non-sex-associated cancers. Polymorphism FokI is associated with breast and ovarian cancers.

To date one of the most discussed problems in the context of psoriasis is the possibility of correlation between the psoriatic process, considering its systemic nature, and the risk of cancer developing. Such interrelation can be caused both by systemic chronic inflammatory process and by methods of therapy. The purpose of this literature review is to assess the risk of developing malignant neoplasms of various organs and systems, as well as the factors that determine it, in patients with psoriasis in comparison with the general population. The mechanisms of action as well as early and remote side effects of the current treatment are described. The literature data on the risk of their carcinogenic effects are presented. The results of studies of a number of other factors acting as possible initiators of carcinogenesis in patients with psoriasis are highlighted, among them: the presence of a systemic inflammatory reaction, the severity and duration of the course of the disease, and also the comorbid states.