Резюме. Цель. Оценить причины меж-и внутрирегиональной вариабельности селенового статуса населения. Обсуждение. Эссенциальность селена для организма человека определяют приоритетность оценки селенового статуса территорий в большинстве стран мира. В то же время вопросы внутрирегиональной вариабельности показателей обеспеченности часто недооцениваются. Показано, что среди факторов, определяющих селеновый статус населения, наиболее значимыми являются геохимическая характеристика почвы и антропогенное влияние. Отмечается важность морей и океанов, как источников микроэлемента. Приводятся примеры значительных внутрирегиональных вариаций в селеновом статусе населения и отмечается важность комплексного подхода к выявлению экологических рисков, связанных с неадекватным потреблением селена, учитывающих как распределение микроэлемента в почве, так и уровни биоконцентрирования различными видами растений, концентрации селена в природных водах, продуктах питания и биологических тканях и жидкостях человека. Отмечается сложность разработки мер оптимизации селенового статуса территории с высоким геохимическим разнообразием и значительным антропогенным влиянием. Заключение. Высокая внутрирегиональная вариабельность показателей селенового статуса населения определяет необходимость комплексного подхода к выявлению экологических рисков, связанных с недостатком или избытком селена в окружающей среде, как в районах с интенсивным использованием местных продуктов питания, так и в крупных промышленных регионах и городах, а также в условиях отдельных специфических производств. Ключевые слова: селен, селеновый статус, население, внутрирегиональная вариабельность, геохимиче-ские и антропогенные факторы влияния.Формат цитирования: Голубкина Н.А., Синдирева А.В., Зайцев В.Ф. Внутрирегиональная вариабельность селенового статуса населения // Юг России: экология, развитие. 2017. Т.12, N1. C.107-127. DOI: 10.18470/1992DOI: 10.18470/ -1098DOI: 10.18470/ -2017 Abstract. Aim of the present work was evaluation of factors affecting interregional variability of the human selenium status. Discussion. Essentiality of selenium to human beings determines the priority of the selenium status evaluation in different regions of the world. At the same time interregional variability of the human selenium status bi- INTERIGIONAL VARIABILITY OF THE HUMAN SELENIUM STATUS
The life activity of living organisms depends largely on the ecological state of their habitat. Based on the environmental monitoring of apiaries in the Tyumen region, the content of chemical elements in the soil and honey plants was studied. Based on the results of assessing the content of trace elements in the soil and plants, the soil contamination coefficient (CO) and the biological absorption coefficient (BAC) of plants were calculated. Studies have shown that the level of chemical elements in the soils and plants of apiaries in certain areas differs significantly. The reason for this is the natural and geographical conditions of these areas, as well as the proximity of anthropogenic sources of pollution. In spring, the content of the studied elements in the soil and in honey plants is higher than in summer. This is due to the fact that the soil receives pollutants that have accumulated in the snow cover during the winter due to atmospheric transport. The analysis of the obtained results showed that apiaries of Tyumen, Yarkovsky and Nizhnetavdinsky administrative districts of the Tyumen region are experiencing the greatest technogenic load. The apiaries of Berdyuzhsky and Sladkovsky districts can be considered environmentally safe. The flowers of coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L), dandelion, woundwort (Stachus gen.) and willow herb (Epilobium avgustifolium) have a low BAC of the studied elements from honeybees.
Selenium plays an important antioxidant role in a living organism. At the same time, we often observe a deficit of selenium in natural environmental locations. Therefore, it is of great importance to elaborate and assess methods for the most efficient and environmentally safe intake of the necessary amount of this element in the human body with the consumption of vegetable food, among others. In this respect, the techniques of enriching plants with this microelement are promising. These techniques include additional introduction of selenium compounds into the soil and non-root intake. Our research consisted of an environmental assessment of the effect of selenium on biometric parameters, crop yield, and quality of spring wheat plants. Aziiev soft spring wheat, selenium microelement, meadow chernozemic soil were the objects of our study. It was determined that Se has a predominantly stimulating effect on the growth and development of wheat plants and their crop yield. A direct correlation between an increase in the applied doses of selenium and an increase in its content in wheat grain was identified. The results of our study can be applied for the development of appropriate methods for the use of selenium-containing micro fertilizers in certain environmental conditions.
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