A comparative study of ecological and biological parameters of soils of the Rostov-on-Don Zoo was carried out in 2017-2020. Monitoring sites were studied in areas of various purpose: aviaries with different animals, recreation area, park area. The control plot was a relatively undisturbed park section in the territory of the zoo. Different sites revealed heterogeneity of ecological conditions and soil properties. The most significant difference was in the physical properties of soils. Density, penetration resistance, and soil structure were degraded in aviaries with large animals: rhinos, zebras, deer. Using methods of bioindication, the degree of change in the soil of aviaries was determined compared with the soil of the control plot. The abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the Azotobacter genus was reduced in the soils of aviaries with zebras, rams, rhinos and giraffe due to the artificial addition of sand to the soil for the purpose of improvement of its physical properties. The activity of soil enzymes (urease and dehydrogenases) was significantly increased in the soils of aviaries due to their contamination with animal excretory products. A particularly high increase was in urease (up to 7.4 times relative to the control soil). The main problems of the topsoil of the zoo are overconsolidation, structural degradation, organic pollution, change in biological activity. The degree of change depends on the size of aviaries, the size and activity of animals and soil amelioration aimed at regulating physical properties of the soil.

The influence of climate change on expanding the species distribution area of pests, and their harmfulness. Analyzes phytosanitary situation in recent years and developed a prediction on major pests of grain crops: еurygaster integriceps Put., zabrus tenebrioides Gz., and cereal beetles (Anisoplia).

Goal. Development analysis of harmful organisms in cereal crops, to determine the economic feasibility of applying plant protection measures. Methods. To assess the phytosanitary state of crops, and its dynamic changes, the following are used: — the results of phytosanitary monitoring of crops (according to generally accepted methods), which were carried out directly by the staff of the forecast laboratory of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS; — current reports of researchers from other laboratories of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS from the places of business trips; — materials of decadal reports of regional plant protection stations, as well as signaling and forecasting points; — information on the phytosanitary situation from regional state research stations and institutes of NAAS. Results. A study of the phytosanitary state of cereal crops on the territory of Ukraine was carried out, the dominant species of pests were identified, regarding the of the phytosanitary state in the conditions of the year, and a long-term (annual) forecast of the development of pests for the next year was drawn up, based on the appropriate analysis of the data obtained. Conclusions. In recent years, climate change in Ukraine has manifested itself through an increase in the average annual temperature, and an increase in the sum of effective temperatures. A decrease in the zone of sufficient soil moisture was noted, its line shifted to the north. Under the influence of abiotic factors, pests constantly change the boundaries of their habitat and zones of damage, therefore reliable protection of crops is impossible under constant gradually monitoring, constant clarification of the species composition of phytophages, and phytosanitary forecast. Improved methodological approaches for assessing the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses and the promptness of obtaining relevant data will allow agricultural producers to make timely decisions on the economic feasibility of using certain plant protection products.

The activity of enzymes (catalase, dehydrogenase, urease, and invertase) of mountain-meadow soils of the mountain plateaus of the Main Ridge of Crimea was studied. The increased enzyme activity in the surface layer of soils with a sharp decrease in the values below 40 cm. The direct dependence of the activity of enzymes on the content of organic carbon and the inverse relation-ship with hydrolytic acidity was established. The individual differences in the enrichment with enzymes of the surface layer of soils 0-10 cm and the total activity of the entire soil profile to a depth of 70 cm for the mountain-meadow soils of the Crimea have been determined. Such a high difference in the values of the Integral Indicator of Biological Condition (IIBC) indicates a sig-nificant influence not only the content and stocks of organic carbon, but also a complex of other parameters. Keywords: SOIL COVER, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY, BIOINDICATION, ORGANIC CARBON

The influence of the remoteness of grain crops from the primeval nature protection biocenosis on their phytosanitary status and biodiversity, concerning distance and time.