The perspective energy sources alternative to hydrocarbons, which are currently used in the world, are considered. Energy-saving technologies for the use of hydrocarbon fuel in vehicles are analyzed. The need to develop the use of electric drives on automobiles is noted. The importance of sys-tematical accumulation and analyzing of the existing experience of operating vehicles with electric drives abroad and in the Russian Federation is considered. Monitoring the technologies developed abroad and the problems arising during the operation of electric vehicles will make it possible to determine the priority ways of their development and to concentrate the efforts of researchers in the direction ensuring the maximum efficiency of their application. One of the currently attractive and economically viable ways of developing road transport for domestic practice is the use of vehicles with hybrid power plants. It is shown that the production of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles abroad is successfully developing and is nowadays one of the most dynamic in the world. Indicators of efficiency of electric power consumption of vehicles with electric drive of various automobile manufacturers are given. A comparative analysis of technologies for the use of electric automobiles to improve the environmental situation in megalopolises is carried out and the problems of increasing the efficiency of automobile power plants are considered. It is shown that the climatic conditions of the Russian Federation with long periods of low tem-peratures of atmospheric air strongly affect the energy losses associated with heating the passenger compartment, and to a large extent - on the energy efficiency of the power plant of electric vehicles. To assess the efficiency of using electric vehicles, it is proposed to use a universal indicator of the efficiency of energy consumption. It is proposed to carry out a comparative assessment of the energy consumption of various vehicles by the energy parameter qEL. The calculated data show that the use of vehicles with electric drive and, in particular, recharge-able hybrids is more profitable in comparison with the use of vehicles equipped exclusively with internal combustion engines.

Problems related to accounting of developer’s costs on objects construction on terms of share participation are considered in this paper. A comparative analysis for various models of objects construction cost distribution between rooms and their prime cost formation has been carried out.

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The problem of reduction of atmospheric air pollution by exhaust gases is discussed. A brief assessment of the impact of transport on the environment is given. The components of the pollutants are discussed. It is noted that in considering this problem, the methods of measurement and control of harmful emissions of the vehicles play a crucial role. The emphasis on the subject is made at the normative Russian and international standards, UN Rules and adoption of purposeful measures in the field of environmental protection during vehicles operation. The modern methods and devices used for the measurement of emissions of harmful substances of exhaust gases of automobiles are given. The conformity of the newly introduced vehicles to environmental requirements of international normative documents (UN Rules) on the emissions of harmful substances applies to a large extent the accuracy of measurement of gas analysis equipment. It is associated with a significant reduction of the measured values of concentrations of harmful emissions for vehicles of the ecological class EURO-5. It was noted that today especially relevant becomes the problem not only to improve the vehicle design from the point of limiting toxicity, but also improvement of technical control in operation. The lack of control and low level of maintenance lead to the breakdown of the normal operation of units and systems of the vehicle, which leads to increased emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air. As a result, all the efforts of the automotive industry to improve engine and neutralization systems to ensure environmental standards can be mitigated. In this regard, there were proposed approaches for the improvement of methods of technical control of vehicles. Substantially improvements of environmental control of motor vehicles are connected with performance of the onboard diagnostic systems of the vehicle in operation and neutralization systems. In order to guarantee their effective functioning during the life of the vehicle it is proposed to establish a system of replacement of catalytic converters of a vehicle failed during operation of the vehicle.

The article deals with the efficiency of the catalytic converter of automobiles in operation with the aim of solving the problem of reducing the pollution of the atmospheric air by the exhaust gases of automobiles. The problem of reducing emissions of harmful substances of vehicles is considered to be one of the main. The article presents calculations of the efficiency of the neutralizer at various operating conditions of the internal combustion engine, and factors influencing the process of oxidation-reduction reactions are determined. It is shown that a small amount of oxygen (О2) to the neutralizer limits the oxidation processes and does not give a good reduction efficiency for CO and CH. At an О2 concentration of 1.7 to 0.75% up to the neutralizer, the efficiency of the oxidation reactions in the neutralizer is maximal. The main requirements for the process of catalyzing harmful emissions and the disadvantages of modern neutralizers are considered. The main contribution to emissions of CO and CH is made by the modes of starting and warming up of engine. This is especially felt in the cycle of "cold tests" of the automobile under the UN Rules No. 83-06. Emissions of hydrocarbons increase proportionally with a decrease in engine temperature. In this regard, new types of neutralizers are provided to ensure the achievement of catalytic reactor activity at a lower temperature than those currently used on automobiles, as well as on-board vehicle diagnostic systems that support the environmental characteristics of vehicles in operation. The reasons for the "aging" of the neutralizer during its operation, the methods for diagnosing the neutralizer for the purpose of assessing its technical condition and on-board monitoring systems are analyzed. The urgency of the task of improving the design of the automobile in terms of limiting toxicity and the system of technical control in operation was noted. Improvement of the environmental control of vehicles is primarily related to the operability of on-board diagnostic systems of the car in operation and the catalytic neutralization system. The normative base of the Russian Federation and the EU in the field of environmental control of motor vehicles in operation is given.