Cereals form the most important group of plants cultivated by man. The aim of the work is to study the effect of ultraviolet led emitter in the processing of seeds of grain crops to improve sowing performance. The objects of the study were the seeds of winter and spring wheat, winter triticale, naked oats. Seeds were treated with ultraviolet LEDs in the range of radiation in the UV zone for 5, 10 and 15 minutes, with average illumination energy of 3.137 W/m2. Growth strength, laboratory germination, shoot height, primary root length and root rot infestation were evaluated. In the course of studies, a positive effect of ultraviolet treatment of seeds of winter wheat, winter triticale and oats was established. Ultraviolet radiation with a dose of 1882 J/m2 (seed treatment for 10 minutes) increased the growth strength and germination of winter wheat. Shoot height and root length were better when irradiated for 5 min with a dose of 941 J/m2. The proposed UV treatment of seeds improves the technology of production of hydroponic feed, taking into account modern requirements for energy conservation and obtaining environmentally friendly products.

In various soil and climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic, according to yield data (2016-2018) of state variety testing plots (GSU), ecological plasticity, stress resistance, genetic flexibility of 10 zoned and new varieties of winter wheat (standard - Volzhskaya K) were evaluated. The soil of the state variety testing sites: soddy-telopodzol sandy loamy - Uvinsky state varietal test site; light-gray forest heavy loamy - Sarapulsky state varietal test site; sod-mid-podzolic medium loamy - Mozhginsky state varietal test site. The agrometeorological conditions of the growing seasons differed in terms of heat and moisture supply: 2016 - hot and dry (hydrothermic coefficient – 0.70), 2017 - excessively humid (hydrothermic coefficient – 2.14), 2018 - wet (hydrothermic coefficient – 1.21). A high yield of winter wheat varieties was revealed in the southern zone of the Udmurt Republic (Sarapulskiy GSU - 3.32 t/ha and Mozhginskiy GSU - 2.95 t/ha). Weather conditions of the year mostly influenced the formation of winter wheat yield - 64.8-98.5 %. The share of participation of the variety is 0.8-31.7 %. A relatively high (3.40-3.47 t/ha) "genetic flexibility" of varieties Darina, Mera and Kazanskaya 285 was revealed, 7-9 % higher than the Volzhskaya K standard. The highest level of environmental sustainability was established in the varieties Volzhskaya K and Mera ‒ d = 67.36-67.44 %. According to the indicators of plasticity, a strong response to changes in environmental conditions was revealed in Darina, Mera, Universiada varieties (bi = 1.05-1.09); weak reaction – in Biryuza and Ilot varieties (bi = 0.91-0.92); plastic varieties - Volzhskaya K, Bashkirskaya 10, Italmas, Kazanskaya 285 and Moskovskaya 39 (bi = 0.96-1.01). The smallest gap between the maximum and the minimum yield (stress resistance) was noted for the Ilot variety ‒ 2.91 t/ha.

/га и-4,84 т/га соответственно). Выявили сильную корреляционную связь урожайности и суммы осадков в период «посев-всходы» (r = 0,73), в период «кущение-колошение» (r = 0,64). Обратную корреляционную связь (r =-0,71) наблюдали между урожайностью и среднесуточной температурой воздуха в период «кущение-колошение».

The article presents the results of laboratory studies on the treatment of spring wheat seeds of the Svecha variety with a fine suspension based on a metal/carbon nanocomposite of copper (MeC NC Cu). The aim of the research is to identify the fungicidal action and stimulate the growth processes of plants at the initial stage of organogenesis. The experimental results showed that the effect of copper nanocomposite on plants is ambiguous and in some cases contradictory. This nanomaterial at a concentration of 0.1% had a toxic effect on the seeds of Triticum aestivum. The drug at a concentration of 0.005% (by 15.7%) had a weak stimulating, but insignificant, effect on root development. It was revealed that an increase in the concentration of MeC NC Cu has an inhibitory effect on plants: the immune system weakens and the resistance to pathogens of seed infection decreases. Development of Bipolaris sorokiniana Syn. increases by 2.90-3.31%, Alternaria sp. - by 1.94%. With an increase in the concentration of NC to 1.00%, the indicators deteriorate in comparison with the control to 3.06%. Infection of seeds with a fungus of the genus Fusarium was observed in the following variants: MeC NC Cu 0.05% by 54.5%, MeC NC Cu 1.0% by 6.90% with the least significant difference (95%) 1.36. Other fungi are noted in descending order; the degree of damage varied from 4.65% to 7.83% with an increase in the concentration of MeC NC Cu (the least significant difference (95%) = 0.67).