No abstract

The substrate specificity of recombinant full-length diguanylate cyclase (DGC) of Thermotoga maritima with mutant allosteric site was investigated. It has been originally shown that the enzyme could use GTP closest analogues - 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate (dGTP) and 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-guanine-5'-triphosphate (araGTP) as the substrates. The first demonstrations of an enzymatic synthesis of bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric deoxyguanosine monophosphate (c-di-dGMP) and the previously unknown bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric araguanosine monophosphate (c-di-araGMP) using DGC of T. maritima in the form of inclusion bodies have been provided.

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Enzymatic 5'-monophosphorylation and 5'-phosphatidylation of a number of beta-L- and beta-D-nucleosides was investigated. The first reaction, catalyzed by nucleoside phosphotransferase (NPT) from Erwinia herbicola, consisted of the transfer of the phosphate residue from p-nitrophenylphosphate (p-NPP) to the 5'-hydroxyl group of nucleoside; the second was the phospholipase D (PLD)-catalyzed transphosphatidylation of L-alpha-lecithin with a series of beta-L- and beta-D-nucleosides as the phosphatidyl acceptor resulted in the formation of the respective phospholipid-nucleoside conjugates. Some beta-L-nucleosides displayed similar or even higher substrate activity compared to the beta-D-enantiomers.

The authors of this paper theoretically substantiated the cancer treatment method, using in situ activation of dendritic cells with intratumoral injection of two molecular “danger signals” of bacterial origin – plasmid DNA containing unmethylated CpG-dinucleotides and cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (cyclo-diGMP). Based on literature data it might be presumed that this procedure is capable to release from the dying cancer cells a large number of tumor-associated mutant proteins, to recruit effector immune cells into the tumor bed, to activate dendritic cells and as a result to induce a potent anti-cancer T-cellular immune response leading to elimination of both primary solid tumors and possible metastases.