This study discussed the importance of the phylogenetic components in the structure of bird communities of anthropogenically transformed ecosystems. The investigation was conducted in the landscapes of the south and south-east of Ukraine in the nesting seasons 1988–2018. The bird community in the agricultural landscape was found to be presented by 10 species. The number of species was closely correlated with its phylogenetic analogue – Faith’s index. Both indices were stationary over time, as they do not show a statistically significant time trend. The two axes were extracted as a result of the DPCOA procedure and the permutation test showed their statistical significance. The axis 1 was the most sensitive to the opposite dynamics of the abundance of Coturnix coturnix and Burhinus oedicnemus on the one hand and Alauda arvensis and Melanocorypha calandra on the other. The axis 2 is the most sensitive to the opposite dynamics of Corvus monedula and Melanocorypha calandra on the one hand and Coturnix coturnix and Motacilla flava on the other. Based on phylogenetic diversity, the years can be clustered with the extraction of four relatively homogeneous phylogenetic structures of bird communities. The indicator of the initial period of dynamics (1988–1992) was Burhinus oedicnemus. Sowing or mechanical weeding may be considered as a major factor of nest destruction of Burhinus oedicnemus. The decreasing of the abundance of the trophic recourses because of agricultural activity may have caused the monotonous negative trend over time of the Burhinus oedicnemus populations. The period 1993–2003 was a transitional one, for which there were no clear indicators, as a characteristic feature of this period was the processes of bird community restructuring. The period 2004–2013 was characterized by the loss of Burhinus oedicnemus from the community and a sharp increase in the abundance of Corvus monedula. These species are distinguished by their phylogenetic specificity and are located on the periphery relative to the phylogenetic core of the community. There was growing importance in the community of such species as Alauda arvensis, Anthus campestris, and Melanocorypha calandra between 2014 and 2018. Our results also confirm the assumption that phylogenetic overdispersion is an important requirement for the stability of the bird community in anthropogenically transformed landscapes.

This study presents the results of a long term study of nesting colonies of the Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811) on the islands of the Molochniy Liman and in Obitochnaya Bay (Azov Sea), in the South of Ukraine (Zaporizhia region), conducted between 1988 and 2013. A description of the size and coloring of eggs of Caspian gull was conducted by generally accepted methods. We measured 1000 eggs from 5 colonies of Caspian gulls. The background coloration of the eggs’ shells was classified into 7 types, the pattern of markings on the surface of the shells was classified into 4 types. In the nesting colonies, comprising different nesting settlements, the study tested differences in the distribution of typical and atypical coloring types and patterns on the surface of the shells. The background color and character of the shell marking patterns is dominated by eggs of phenotypes 3 and 4: gray-green, with a pattern of spots, of medium size (5–60%) and brown, with a pattern of large spots (2–40%). In different settlements the Caspian gull egg sizes vary in length and diameter of 54.5–86.3 x 39.2–60.4 mm, volume 61.7–113.7 cm3 and index of roundness 63.6–85.3%. The study revealed that the linear dimensions of eggs also depend on the number of birds in the nesting colonies. We found that morphological and dimensional characteristics of Caspian gull eggs can vary at certain intervals and characterize individual colonies, settlements and populations. Based on cluster analysis, conducted in terms of the average of the linear sizes of eggs of Caspian gull from several populations within the range of the species, the study identified three groups of colonies – Danube-Sivash, Azov-Black Sea and Caucasus-Caspian. In region of the Azov-Black Sea, the greatest similarity was shown between the settlements of Sivash and the South of Crimea, which in turn is similar to Lebiyazhyi Islands and Kaniv Nature Reserve (river Dnipro). A related link combined the Azov and Black Sea branches, while the Caucasus-Caspian group is relatively separate. As a result this study the influence of the number of nesting birds on the dimensional characteristics of the eggs was established; in the period of increase in the Caspian gull population from the 1970s to the early 1990s they had the highest scores, and in periods of decreasing population in 2001–2005, their values were lowest. Consequently, the use of oomorphological indicators turned out to be a fairly easy and objective method for studying the monitoring data for separate colonial bird species.

1 Центр исследования окружающей среды им. Гельмгольца, департамент физики почв, лизиметрические станции, 39615, Фалькенберг, Альтмеркише Више 55, ralph.meissner@ufz

No abstract

The study involved 136 females of 19-21 years with high and low individual α-modal EEG frequency. We evaluated a simple sensomotor reaction and the choice stepping time, speed capabilities of neural processes during Finger-Tapping Test, as well as performance capacity and coherence of EEG frequency components. These parameters were specified individually, at rest, during doubling and unclenching the fist with power load. Women with high frequency of the α-rhythm were characterized by higher level of selective attention and local changes in the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex. Females with low a-frequency have less differentiated features of cortex activation, which can be caused by lower ductility of brain processes under power load and setting pace. Women with high α-frequency had better speed performance in terms of sense-motor response.Keywords: modal individual frequency alpha rhythm, power manual movements, EEG, power, coherence, psyсhodynamiс properties.Моренко А.Г., Коржик О.В. МОЗКОВІ ПРОЦЕСИ ЖІНОК ІЗ РІЗНОЮ МОДАЛЬНОЮ АЛЬФА-ЧАСТОТОЮ ПІД ЧАС ВИКОНАННЯ СИЛОВИХ МАНУАЛЬНИХ РУХІВСхідноєвропейський національний університет імені Лесі Українки 43000, Україна, Луцьк, пр. Волі 13 Email: alevmore@gmail.com, olga.korgik@gmail.com Обстежено 136 жінок віком 19−21 року з високою і низькою фоновою індивідуальною модальною α-частотою електроенцефалограми. Оцінювали час простої сенсомоторної реакції та реакції вибору, швидкісні можливості нервових процесів під час теппінг-тестування, показники потужності та когерентності частотних компонентів електроенцефалограми, визначених у кожної обстежуваної індивідуально, у стані спокою, під час стискання і розтискання пальців кисті із силовим навантаженням. Жінок із вихідною високою частотою α-ритму відзначає вищий рівень вибірковості уваги й локальніші зміни електричної активності кори головного мозку. Для осіб із низькою α-частотою притаманні дещо менш диференційовані особливості активації кори, що можуть відзначатися меншою пластичністю мозкових процесів за умови застосування силового навантаження і дотриманні встановленого темпу. Жінки з високою α-частотою мали кращі швидкісні показники сенсо-моторного реагування.ISSN 2225-5486 (Print), ISSN 2226-9010 (Online). Біологічний вісник МДПУ. 2016 Украина, Луцк, пр. Воли 13 Email: alevmore@gmail.com, olga.korgik@gmail.com Обследованы 136 женщин в возрасте 19-21 года с высокой и низкой фоновой индивидуальной модальной α-частотой ЭЭГ. Оценивали время простой сенсомоторной реакции и реакции выбора, скоростные возможности нервных процессов при теппинг-тестировании, показатели мощности и когерентности частотных компонентов ЭЭГ, определенных у каждого обследуемого индивидуально, в состоянии покоя, во время сжимания и разжимания пальцев кисти с силовой нагрузкой. Женщин с исходной высокой частотой α-ритма отличает высший уровень избирательности внимания и более локальные изменения электрической активности коры головного мозга. Для лиц с низкой α-частотой присущи несколько менее дифференцированные особенности активации ко...