Abdominal obesity (AO) is an alimentary-dependent risk factor, the development and prognosis of which is directly specified by eating habits.Aim. To study the associations of dietary patterns and AO among the adult Russian population.Material and methods. The analysis was carried out using representative samples of male and female population aged 25-64 years (n=19297; men, 7342; women, 11,955) from 13 Russian regions. The response was about 80%. Nutrition was assessed based on the prevalence of consumption of the main food groups forming the daily diet. Results are presented as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.Results. Men with AO, compared with men without AO, more often consume red meat and vegetables/fruits daily by 12% and 13%, respectively, as well as less often eat cereals and pasta, confectionery, sour cream, and cottage cheese by 17%, 24%, 14%, and 19%, respectively. In women with AO, compared to women without AO, there are more differences in the diet, as they more often daily consume red meat by 28%, fish and seafood by 26%, poultry by 23%, meat and sausages and fruits/vegetables by 14%, milk, kefir, yogurt by 11%, as well as less often — cereals and pasta, sweets, and sour cream by 11%, 14%, and 8%, respectively. In women with AO, the prevalence and amount of drinking beer and dry wines is lower, but they consume spirits more frequently (p=0,0001), but without significant differences in amount. Men with AO have a higher prevalence and amount of drinking dry and fortified wines, as well as strong alcoholic drinks. Men with AO drinks higher amount of beer. In addition, men with AO showed a positive association with alcohol consumption (χ=53,64, p<0,0001), while women with AO had a negative association (χ=28,64, p<0,0001). Cardioprotective eating habits are more often (17%) present among people with AO without sex differences.Conclusion. The study revealed significant differences in dietary patterns of persons with AO compared with those without AO, most pronounced in women.

The alcohol consumption is associated with dietary patterns.  Aim. To study the associations of alcohol consumption and dietary patterns in the adult population.  Material and methods. The analysis was carried out using representative samples of male and female population aged 25-64 years (n=19437; men, 7306; women, 12131 women) from 13 Russian regions.The response rate was 80%. We assessed nutrition by the frequency of consuming basic food groups. The low alcohol intake (LI) category includes women and men who consume <42 g and <84 g, moderate consumption (MI) — 42 g and 84 g, high intake (HI) — 84 g and 168 g ethanol per week, respectively.Results. In comparison with men who do not drink alcohol, MI and HI category representatives more often consume red meat — by 22 and 36%, meat and sausages — by 37 and 48%, and less often: fish products — by 34 and 33%, cottage cheese — by 51 and 53%, respectively. More rare consumption of poultry is significant in the MI group, vegetables/fruits — in the HI group, sweets — in the LI group. Consumption of pickles, cereals, pasta, liquid dairy products, cheese and sour cream does not differ between the groups in men. Compared to women who do not drink alcohol, women in the LI, MI and HI groups significantly more often consume meat and sausages — by 16, 28 and 85%, respectively. Women of the LI and MI groups more often consume red meat — by 15 and 33%, confectionery — by 29 and 24%, less often: cereals — by 9 and 18%, legumes — by 44 and 53% and cottage cheese — by 19 and 44 %, respectively. Women of the LI category more often daily consume milk, kefir and yogurt — by 26%, and less often fish products — by 18%. Women of the HI group are less likely to consume fruits/vegetables. Consumption of poultry, pickles and cheese do not differ between groups among women.Conclusion. People who consume alcoholic beverages have a pronounced nutritional imbalance, characterized by a higher consumption of red meat, especially processed, high-fat dairy products, salt, and in women, confectionery.

The presence of a disease, the prognosis of which can be improved by dietary modification, motivates a patient to change their eating habits.Aim. To study the associations of dietary patterns and alcohol consumption with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke in the adult population.Material and methods. The analysis was carried out using data from representative samples of population from 13 Russian regions aged 2564 years (n=19520; men, 7329; women, 12191). The response rate was ~80%. Dietary characteristics were assessed by frequency method.Results. In the diet of people with CVDs, the daily intake of vegetables/ fruits increases by 84% in men and by 19% in women, while the use of animal fats in cooking decreases by 28% and 20%m respectively (p<0,0001). Women with CVDs reduce the consumption of processed meat and sweets by 16 and 19%, respectively (p<0,005). Persons with prior MI reduce the consumption of sweets in the diet: men by 38% and women by 30%. Men with prior MI have higher daily consumption of cereals by 31%, vegetables and fruits by 46%, low-fat dairy products — 2,4 times. In addition, they are more adherent to a healthy and cardioprotective diet by 3,65 and 1,75 times, respectively. Dietary changes in those with prior stroke were noted only in women in the form of a 29% decrease in excess salt intake (p=0,0075). In the diet of people with diabetes, there is decreased consumption of sweets and an increased intake of vegetables/fruits: by 77 and 69% in men and by 79 and 69% in women, respectively (p<0,0001). Men with diabetes are 3 times more likely to adhere to a healthy diet, and women — 2,3 times (p=0,0039 and p<0,0001, respectively).Conclusion. Patients with CVDs, MI, and diabetes have a healthier diet than healthy persons.