To identify threshold structuring regimes, two series of tests of 1565 aluminum alloy were conducted in the speed range of 250–750 m/s: impact tests under uniaxial deformation and penetration of impactors. Comparison of the results of both series of tests enables the separation of the drag in the interaction of an elongated impactor with a target from the friction resistance with its side part. The structuring scale changes twice on the lateral surface of the cavity—at speeds of 400 and 623.3 m/s—and the second structuring threshold almost coincides with the same threshold under loading under uniaxial deformation.
С целью изучения процессов многомасштабного структурообразования вдали от термодинамического равновесия проведена серия экспериментов по ударному нагружению мишеней из алюминиевых сплавов импульсами наносекундной длительности, инициируемыми метательной установкой и импульсным электронным пучком. В обоих случаях в приконтактной области ударного нагружения выявлены крупномасштабные структуры мезоскопического уровня, размеры которых с увеличением толщины мишеней уменьшаются, в то время как материал мишени становится однородным. Переход к однородной структуре в алюминии 1565 происходит при толщине мишени 2.2 mm, одновременно изменяется макроскопический отклик (откольная прочность) материала на ударное нагружение. Ключевые слова: ударное нагружение, многомасштабная структура.
The shock propagation in non-uniform medium is studied theoretically and experimentally. A set of experiments on shock loading of high-strength low-alloyed AB2 steel is performed. The "trigger" mechanism for switching the dynamic fracture from one scale to another is shown to be the resonance interaction of plastic flow oscillations and mesoscopic structural elements. There is a threshold strain rate at which the defect (decrease) of mass velocity at the plateau of compressive pulse increases abruptly. Under strain rates higher threshold value, a multitude of short transcrystalline cracks is formed, which results in decay of shock wave,
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