In connection with the constant growth of demand for high-quality food products, there is a need to develop effective methods for storing agricultural products, and the registration and predicting infection in the early stages. The studying of the physical properties of infected plants and seeds has fundamental importance for determining crop losses, conducting a survey of diseases, and assessing the effectiveness of their control (assessment of the resistance of crops and varieties, the effect of fungicides, etc.). Presently, photoluminescent methods for diagnosing seeds in the ultraviolet and visible ranges have not been studied. For research, seeds of winter wheat were selected, and were infected with one of the most common and dangerous diseases for plants—fusarium. The research of luminescence was carried out based on a hardware–software complex consisting of a multifunctional spectrofluorometer “Fluorat-02-Panorama”, a computer with software “Panorama Pro” installed, and an external camera for the samples under study. Spectra were obtained with a diagnostic range of winter wheat seeds of 220–400 nm. Based on the results obtained for winter wheat seeds, it is possible to further develop a method for determining the degree of fusarium infection.

The chapter reveals new opportunities for the use of digital video surveillance in the agro-industrial sector. It presents a methodological approach and practical guidelines for modeling and managing changes in agrotechnology, in the conditions of digital transformation of large amounts of data. The proposed technical solutions are aimed at creating better products and gaining competitive advantages, thanks to the improved relationship of specialists and the transition to predictive data analysis. Video surveillance as the most accessible way to obtain information involves the creation of large amounts of data, their long-term storage, fast retrieval, and diverse analysis. The possibilities of video surveillance systems widely used to ensure the safety of industrial buildings and the protection of areas equipped with automatic video analytics modules and integrated computer programs are considered. The organization of managing geographically-distributed agricultural production using mobile and remote video surveillance systems is shown. By using the proposed project of integrating digital video surveillance into a big data system, the organization can be transformed to improve strategy, make system decisions, improve marketing and sales results, improve efficiency and productivity of business processes, improve the performance of production personnel, minimize unprofitable risks, and maximize management efficiency, which will lead to the emergence of new opportunities.

Системно-организованные, локально-индивидуализированные агротехнологии предусматривают на земельном угодье, разделенном на приоритетные зоны, одновременное параллельное и взаимосвязанное выполнение комплекса технологических операций по производству продукции растениеводства: операций по подготовке семян агрокультуры, выращиванию рассады, закладке рассады в почву, возделыванию агрокультуры, стимуляции ее развития. Взаимодействие между выполняемыми процессами осуществляется в режиме реального времени с возможностью необходимых корректировок процессов в ходе их выполнения. Значительная часть технологических операций реализуется без оказания негативных воздействий на агрокультуру, почву и окружающую среду, с малыми затратами энергии. Ключевые слова: агротехнологическая система, системно-организованная агротехнология, математическая модель, объект аграрного производства, биоинформационное взаимодействие агрокультур, локально-индивидуализированное управление.

In this chapter, optical luminescent biological objects diagnostics methods and biotissues are considered. According to the previously developed method, excitation and photoluminescence spectra agricultural plants seeds, including cereals, legumes, fodder, technical, and vegetable, were measured. The typical excitation spectrum lies in the range of 355-500 nm and has two maxima: the main one at 424 nm and the side one at 485 nm. The luminescence spectrum lies in the range of 420-650 nm and has a maximum in the region of 500-520 nm. The maximum luminescence is less pronounced than in the excitation spectrum. The measured spectral luminescence characteristics forage plants seeds by scarification. Due to the scarification forage plants seeds spectral characteristics increase. In Galega seeds with multiple scarification, observed qualitative changes in the excitation spectrum was associated with the appearance of a new maximum at a wavelength of 423 nm. Similarly, for clover seeds, the obtained results can be used to create seed diagnostics devices.

To study the possibilities of pre-sowing seed activation, irradiation with LEDs emitting in the visible, violet, and near-ultraviolet ranges with a maximum of 405 nm was carried out. As a result of the growing experience, it was found that the height of wheat plants grown from the treated seeds significantly exceeds the control indicators except for the period of 45-55 days. To implement the flow, technology of seed activation with LEDs optoelectronic irradiation unit was developed. The advantages of the given installation are the energy efficiency and of seed treatment efficiency, due to of the optimal radiation spectrum selection and treatment doses.