In order to develop an environmentally and economically sound method of dealing with biological damage of polymer composite materials (PCM), studies of environmental objects (EO) and finished products placed at the site of climatic tests in the city of Yakutsk were carried out. A strain of aerobic spore-forming psychrotolerant bacteria of the genus Bacillus was isolated from a fragment of basalt plastic reinforcement. Its biochemical properties and morphological characteristics were studied. It was found that the resulting strain has the ability to destroy fungi. This property of the Bacillus can be used to combat the bio-contamination of PCM. Biogenic factors of contamination of finished products with pathogenic fungi have been studied. It is established that the soil cover and atmospheric air in the area of the climatic test site contain similar types of microscopic fungi that were isolated from the surfaces of the prototypes. The results of studies on the microbiological characteristics of OOS it is possible to predict bizarrerie and, as a consequence, the biodegradation of PKM, as in the finished product, in contact with the aerial environment and soil cover of the landfill environmental tests found the same species (A. niger and A. fumigatus) with similar biochemical properties, which requires additional research

The article discusses the use of ecologically and economically practical proved methods of neutralizing the soil ecosystems in Yakutia after emergency oil spills. Experimental studies have been made to develop a new biosorbent based on a natural sorbent. The natural zeolite Na and CA-differences from the Khonguruu deposit (The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia) is used as a base for obtaining the biosorbent. The necessary typification of zeolite deposits revealed at the stage of exploration, in order to determine the field of practical application of raw materials in the preparation of the field for industrial development. The types of raw materials according to the cationic composition difference are identified: clinoptilolite-heulandite and heulandite. A brief description of the material composition and averaged physico-chemical characteristics of various types of zeolite raw material is given. We present the results of the experimental application of hydrocarbon oxidizing microorganisms (HOM) immobilized on zeolite (clinoptilolite- heulandite series) from the Khonguruu deposit in oil-contaminated soils. It has been established that the obtained biomineral compositions provide a significant activation of petroleum hydrocarbons (HC) biodegradation in the soil. In general, the technology of using zeolite raw materials for cleaning up oil spills from different types of permafrost soils provides a significant ecological and economic effect, thus contributing to the reduction of the time for rehabilitation of disturbed lands and the improvement of the environment in the disturbed territory.

A natural oil seep has been revealed in the floodplain of the middle stream of the Amga River, in zone of the exposure of Middle Cambrian sediments. A distinctive feature of saturated hydrocarbons of this oil is the absence of 12-and 13-methylalkanes, biomarkers that are present in oils of the Vendian-Cambrian deposits of the Nepa-Botuobiyan petroliferous province. In this feature the studied seep oil is similar to the Middle Cambrian oil from hydrogeologic wells (1-P and 1-T) drilled earlier downstream of the Amga River.

This article discusses experimental studies of the use of local vermiculite from the Inagli field (Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia) as a recultivant on industrially disturbed permafrost-soil ecosystems of Yakutia after emergency oil spills. A brief description of the material composition, physical, chemical and technological properties of local vermiculite, which are close to the properties of vermiculite of the Kovdorskoe field (Murmansk oblast, Russia), is given. The sorption properties of Yakut vermiculite were tested on oil from the Talakan field, gasoline, diesel fuel, and toluene. Vermiculite of the Inagli field is a promising raw material for the production of oil sorbents, especially in connection with the increase in oil production, processing and transportation on the territory of Yakutia. The results of experimental application of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms (HOM) immobilized on vermiculite in oil-contaminated soils are presented. The technology of using vermiculite raw materials for oil pollution cleaning of various types of permafrost soils provides a significant environmental and economic effect, contributing to reducing the time of rehabilitation of disturbed lands and improving the environment of the disturbed territory.

The subject covered in the paper is practical application of ecologically and economically proved methods to restore the disturbed soil ecosystems in Yakutia after emergency oil spills. Experimental studies have been performed on the development of a new petroleum biosorbent based on a mineral composition. The natural zeolite from the Khonguruu deposit (Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia) is used as a base for obtaining the new petroleum biosorbent. A brief description of the material composition and physico-chemical characteristics of various types of zeolite raw material is given.We present the results of the experimental application of hydrocarbon oxidizing microorganisms (HOM) immobilized on zeolite (clinoptilolite-geylandite series) from the Khonguruu deposit in oil-contaminated soils. It has been established that the obtained biomineral compositions provide a significant activation of the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (HC) in the soil. The most intensive processes occur at the first stage of the treatment activities (up to 90 days from the experiment’s start). The effect of the zeolite with fraction size less than 0.25 mm on the intensity of the destruction of oil is somewhat higher, compared with fraction size 0.5-3.0 mm. During one growing season, the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils treated with HOM was 36-54%; in soils treated with HOM immobilized on zeolite - 71-99%; in control variants not treated with biological preparations, the degradation coefficient of oil contamination is not significant. In general, the technology of using zeolite raw materials for cleaning up oil spills from different types of permafrost soils provides a significant ecological and economic effect, thus contributing to the reduction of the time for rehabilitation of disturbed lands and the improvement of the environment in the disturbed territory.