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Purpose The EQ–5D survey instrument is routinely applied to general and patient specific populations in many countries, as a means of measuring Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) and/or informing Health Technology Assessment. The instrument is the subject of growing interest in the Russian Federation, as too is Health Technology Assessment. This research is the first to systematically present the EQ–5D–3L nationally representative population norms and to examine the socioeconomic and socio-demographic characteristics of the instrument among a representative sample of the Russian population. Methods Based on a nationally representative health and well-being survey of the Russian population, conducted in November 2017, we establish the descriptive results, including the EQ-VAS and the EQ-5D Index, by age and gender, examine the correspondence between the EQ–5D health classifications and the separate EQ-VAS scores, and draw on a set of augmented logistic regressions to evaluate the association between the presence of problems in each dimension and various socio-economic and health-related characteristics. Results We find strong evidence that the EQ-5D instrument is sensitive to underlying observed and latent health experiences, that it mirrors many of the characteristics familiar from other settings but that there are Russian specificities which merit further research, particularly with respect to the anxiety/depression dimension of the instrument. Conclusion This research represents an important landmark for HRQOL studies in Russia as well as for the prospects of continuing to develop the scholarly and practical infrastructure necessary for Russian Health Technology Assessment to advance.

Health-related quality of life is becoming the standard measure of personal well-being and human’s health worldwide. Indicators of the population quality of life allow taking into account the subjective incidence, which is often overlooked during routine medical care. In Russia, the health-related quality of life is becoming particularly relevant in connection with the problems of an ageing population, the development of national strategies and programs in the social and healthcare systems, and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases. The basis of the HRQoL measurement should be based on a proven and reliable methodology that generates comparable estimates of human well-being. Like any complex subjective indicator, HRQoL does not have an unambiguous direct method of measurement. The aim of this paper is a comprehensive description of the methodology for conducting and presenting the results of the study of the HRQoL using the European Quality of Life Questionnaire, EQ-5D. The paper discusses the measurement of HRQoL as a critical component of a modern health care system, describes in detail the administration of HRQoL data using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire, and provides a methodology for analyzing and presenting the collected data in studies of population and patient health. We address the discussion to clinicians, healthcare providers, and researchers dealing with the problems of studying and measuring the health-related quality of life.

Introduction. The concept of health-related quality of life as a key factor in patient-doctor interactions is an important basis for making managerial and medical decisions in many foreign health systems. In Russia, the concept of health-related quality of life is in its infancy: it is required the theoretical, methodological and scientific-practical foundations development. Aims and objectives. The aim of this study is to assess the health- related quality of life for Russian population based on the EQ-5D questionnaire and to form the average health indicators. Material and methods. The survey was conducted on a sample of 1,602 people aged 18 to 92 years. The final sample is representative for the country and federal districts. We use using the Russian-language version of the EQ-5D questionnaire which allows us to receive two indicators for each respondent - health profile and index based on visual analog scale EQ-VAS. Results. The study revealed the following results: (1) the majority of the respondents among all ages have the problems in EQ-5D dimension “anxiety/depression”; (2) women tend to detect moderate problems in all dimensions more often than men; (3) EQ-5D descriptive results are decreased in all components with the respondents age; (4) the most infrequent population’s problems among the all dimensions are found in the "self-care" dimension; (5) the age changes related to a decrease of EQ-VAS are associated with the general tendency of a decrease in the dimensions. Discussion. To obtain the most accurate and objective assessments from the EQ-5D, it is necessary to conduct a study in accordance with established international protocols, compare the estimates with the average population indices and adhere to a thorough research design. Conclusion. The study reveals the possibilities of using EQ-5D and the first health-related quality of life Russian population indicators that can be used as a basis for comparing between different population groups and patients.

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