The success of any agricultural crop breeding, including winter durum wheat primarily depends on the initial material at the breeder’s disposal, its value, and the degree of study. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate collection samples of winter durum wheat according to quality indicators and to select the best ones for use in breeding programs. In the Rostov region there were studied 159 winter durum wheat samples of different ecological and geographical origin according to grain quality (protein percentage, gluten content, amount of carotenoid pigments, kernel hardness, nature weight). The winter durum wheat samples had a high protein percentage and belonged to the 1-st quality class. According to gluten content in grain there were identified 17 (10.7%) samples. The following samples had the maximum values of trait ‘SDS-sedimentation’: ‘588/15’ (Russia) with 50 ml; ‘SAHINBEY’ (Turkey), ‘SARI BUGDAY 2’ (Turkey), ‘543/15’ (Russia) with 49 ml; ‘ANKARA 98’ (Turkey) with 48 ml. The following 43 winter durum wheat samples (more than 85%) had large kernel hardness in the trial: ‘663/17’, ‘1121/12’, ‘Novinka 4’, ‘Alena’ (Russia), ‘C1252’ (Turkey), ‘SN TURK MI 82-83 90 / GUTROS-2’, ‘DF 28.82.84 / DAB-18’, ‘P 1290493 // HUI // AV79’ (Mexico), ‘K-61869’ (Moldova). Over the years of study, a large amount of carotenoid pigments was identified in the following samples: ‘Novinka 4’ with 705 μg /%, ‘535/17’ with 689 μg /%, ‘543/15’ with 664 μg /% (Russia), ‘OSU-3880001 / 4AOS / SNIP / 3 / MEDIUM / KIF // SAPI’ with 704 μg /% (Mexico), ‘Winter Gold’ with 697 μg /% (Germany). According to the complex of qualitative indicators, there were identified 5 winter durum wheat samples, which are recommended to be included in the breeding programs of the Rostov region.
Одним из основных направлений в селекции озимой твердой пшеницы является выведение устойчивых сортов к распространенным в Ростовской области болезням. Огромное значение для решения этой задачи имеет создание собственного исходного материала, изучение его в условиях искусственных инфекционных фонов, отбор устойчивых и выносливых образцов для дальнейшего вовлечения их в селекционный процесс. Цель исследований-изучение сортов и линий озимой твердой пшеницы конкурсных испытаний на устойчивость к листовым болезням при искусственном заражении на специально созданных инфекционных фонах. Представлены результаты иммунологической оценки 114 сортов и линий озимой твердой пшеницы к возбудителям бурой, желтой, стеблевой ржавчины, мучнистой росы, септориоза (инфекционный полевой фон), пиренофороза (естественный фон). Установлено, что большая часть сортов и селекционных линий по степени поражения относилась к устойчивым или слабовосприимчивым: к бурой ржавчине-74,3%, желтой-84,3%, мучнистой росе-77,1%. К септориозу, стеблевой ржавчине и пиренофорозу озимая твердая пшеница оказалась более восприимчивой: высокой устойчивостью и слабой восприимчивостью характеризовалось всего лишь 15,8, 38,7, 28,1% образцов соответственно. Выделены сорта и линии. устойчивые к каждому патогену в отдельности и с групповой устойчивостью к трем-четырем видам (Амазонка, Агат донской, Оникс, Лазурит, Тейя, Эйрена, Яхонт, Юбилярка, 840/11, 993/12 и др.). Дана их характеристика по урожайности и другим хозяйственно-ценным признакам и свойствам. Все они рекомендованы в качестве источников устойчивости для использования в селекционных программах.
Представлены результаты изучения 15 сортов и линий твердой озимой пшеницы в конкурсном сортоиспытании в 2016-2017 гг. по основным хозяйственно-ценным признакам и свойствам. Все изучаемые образцы относятся к низкорослым формам (высота-81-99 см). Устойчивость к полеганию стандартного сорта Дончанка составила 3,9 балла.
The success in development of winter durum wheat varieties with a high adaptability to abio- and biotic stress conditions, large and stable productivity is usually determined by the diversity of initial material and methods for its preparation. The most efective method to develop genetic variability among winter durum wheat varieties and other grain crops is hybridization (intraspecifc, interspecifc, and intergeneric). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the breeding material obtained in the breeding process among intraspecifc and interspecifc hybrids of diferent types of hybridization according to the main economically valuable traits and properties and to identify a more efective method/type of hybridization. The object of the study was 28 breeding lines of durum winter wheat identifed from the following types of hybridization: the 1st type was T. winter durum x T. winter durum (paired and gradual), 7 samples; the 2nd type was T. winter durum x T. winter durum (paired), 3 samples; the 3rd type was F1 (T. winter durum x. T. winter durum) x T. winter durum, 4 samples; the 4th type was T. winter aestivum x T. winter durum (direct and reverse), 7 samples; the 5th type was F1 (T. winter aestivum x. T. winter durum) x T. winter durum (triple), 7 samples. According to the comparative study results of breeding material of intraspecifc and interspecifc hybrids, it has been found that intraspecifc paired and gradual hybridization, which provided high productivity and grain quality was a more efective method for developing of winter durum wheat varieties. The rest types of crossings, primarily interspecifc, could be helpful to obtain initial material with a high level of winter tolerance, resistance to lodging and diseases, for their further use in intraspecifc gradual hybridization.
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