Relevance. Considering the role of personalized medicine in dental practice, the accumulation of knowledge about the genetic determinants of bacterial resistance and the use of antibacterial drugs, the learning of periodontal microbiota, sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs, the identification of key periodontal pathogens will allow predicting the development mechanisms of inflammatory periodontal diseases and monitoring and prescribing effective antibacterial therapy.Aim. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of pathogens and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in individuals with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP).Materials and methods. Clinical and laboratory examinations studied 163 subjects aged 18 to 45 years, of which there were 100 patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases and 63 subjects with intact periodontium. The study obtained periodontal pocket and gingival crevice swabs. The real-time PCR isolated marker bacteria and resistance genes to glycopeptide and β-lactam antibiotics.Results. The patients with chronic periodontitis demonstrated a periodontal pathogen detection rate of 96.4 %. Among the isolated periodontal pathogens, bacteria of the red complex were the most common: T. forsythia (81%; p < 0.001), T. denticola (63%; p = 0.054) and P. gingivalis (69%; p < 0.001). In healthy individuals with intact periodontium, P. gingivalis (12.7%), T. denticola (47.62%), and T. forsythia (36.51%) prevailed in the studied material, i.e., gingival fluid. The mean ratio of bone loss in relation to the root length (the Fuchs Index) was 0.83 ± 0.03 in patients with mild CGP and 0.71 ± 0.05 with moderate CGP. The β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes appeared to occur frequently (%). So, TEM and SHV genes were in 72% and 26%. The control group demonstrated the TEM gene in 41.27% (p < 0.001) and the SHV gene in 4.76% (p < 0.001).The group with CGP appeared to have resistance genetic markers: MecA to cephalosporins (15%) and OXA-51 to carbapenems (9%). The control group detected MecA (6.35%; p = 0.0948), while OXA-51 markers were absent (p = 0.014). Both groups did not show resistance genes to other antibiotic groups (AB).Conclusion. The "red complex" microorganisms T. forsythia, T. denticola and P. gingivalis, which were the most frequent during the progression of bone destruction, appeared to play the leading role in the onset and progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases.The oral microbiome can serve as a reservoir for the transfer of resistance genes: the study results indicate a high incidence rate (%) of β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis. The group with chronic periodontitis revealed TEM and SHV genes in 72% and 26%, respectively. The group with intact periodontium also demonstrated a high occurrence rate of the TEM gene in 58.3 % of cases.

Relevance. Oral health problems, particularly periodontal diseases, are frequent complications in people with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS). The assessment of the periodontal, immune status and the tongue condition in ADS patients by the set of indices is promising. Materials and methods. The periodontal and immune status and the tongue condition were examined in 114 men, of whom 47 were patients with stage II ADS and 67 were subjects without a history of ADS. Pearson's chi-squared test, Mann–Whitney U test, logistic regression, factor analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results. ADS patients have significantly worse oral hygiene (p < 0.001) and 35.5 times higher probability of moderate to severe gum inflammation (p < 0.001). Sextants with bleeding (39.0%) and calculus (25.9%) prevailed among ADS patients whereas most of sextants were healthy (85.8%) in the comparison group. Significant inter-group differences were found for all CPI codes except code 4 (p < 0.001). The dorsal surface tongue coating (63.8%) and minor hyperkeratosis (27.7%) prevailed among ADS patients, while in the comparison group, there were no changes in 34.3% of subjects and coating was present in 38.8% (p = 0.003). The risk of satisfactory to poor oral hygiene was 3.7 times (p = 0.007) higher and the risk of moderate to severe gum inflammation was predicted to be 6.5 times (p = 0.015) higher if the examined subjects had changes in the tongue mucosa. The obtained differences in the level of IgG, TNF-α and cortisol prevailed in ADS patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion. In ADS patients, the severity of periodontal diseases, changes in the tongue mucosa and mucosal immunity imbalance are statistically significant. The considered dental markers of chronic alcohol intoxication are proposed to be used at the treatment and checkup dental visits to screen individuals at risk of alcohol use disorder.

Introduction. High level of alcohol consumption in Russia and significant need of dental care especially among patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) dictate necessity of investigation of dental pathology features among this group of patients. The aim of the study is to research dental and salivary statuses of men with ADS depending on the age. Methods. Examination of indices of dental and salivary statuses was carried out among two age groups of patients with second stage of AUD aged 25-44 years - «younger» and 45-64 years - «older». Methods of statistical analysis were Pearson's chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression. Results. In studied group median of DMFT with Q1 and Q3 is 14,0 (11,0-20,0) in younger group and 23,0 (18,0-29,0) in older group with significant prevalence of missing teeth in older group (p

Introduction. The state of endoecological homeostasis of the oral cavityi sensured by the colonization resistance of the microbiota, as well as protective reactions on the part of immune and epithelial cells, including the buccal epithelium. Aim. To establish the cytomorphological features of the buccal epithelium and the state of the microbiota that colonizes the biotopes of the oral cavity in individuals with periodontitis living in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Methods. A cross-sectional clinical and laboratory examination of 91 people permanently residing in the conditions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation was carried out. Cytomorphological studies (index evaluation and detection of anomalies) of buccal epitheliocytes, molecular genetic studies (isolation of periodontopathogens by real-time PCR), statistical analysis of the data obtained were performed. Results. The results of the index evaluation in the group with periodontitis were unsatisfactory: cell differentiation index - 85%, p0.001, keratinization index - 88%, p0.001. The frequency of detection of cytogenetic disorders, indicators of apoptosis and proliferative processes also prevailed in the group of patients with periodontitis: micronuclei 88%, protrusions 71.6%, proliferation rates 89.5%, karyolysis 10.4% and karyorrhexis 26.8%. Most often (70.1%) markers of P. gingivalis were detected, in 41.8% of cases - T. forsythia, associations of periodontopathogens in 17.8%. Positive correlations of moderate and weak degree were revealed between the presence of cells with cytomorphological disorders with the definition of P. gingivalis: cells with micronuclei (r=0.413, p0.001), cells with protrusions (r=0.228, p=0.029), presence binuclear cells (r=0.402, p0.001) and indicators of apoptosis (r=0.283, p=0.006 and r=0.383, p0.001), as well as between all the studied cytomorphological disorders and the release of the periodontalpathogen T.forsythia. Direct correlations of the average degree of strength were established between the isolation of periodontopathogens in associations and the presence of cells with protrusions, indicators of proliferation and apoptosis. Conclusions. Inflammation of periodontal tissues is provided by shifts in the endoecological balance: the combined action of periodontalpathogenic microbes that trigger a cascade of immune responses, leading to damage to the tissue microenvironment, primarily buccal epithelial cells.