Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in the Russian Federation (RF), accounting for 20.9% of the female population in Russia. The surgery remains the primary treatment for breast cancer. Development and improvement of various options for reconstructive plastic surgery provides medical, psychological and social rehabilitation in patients with breast cancer, allows to achieve the best aesthetic and functional results. The possibility of performing such operations contributes to improving the quality of life of patients. According to ASPS (American Society of Plastic Surgeons), 80% of breast cancer reconstructions in the world are performed using silicone implants. Currently, the return of prepectoral space for placement of endoprostheses during breast reconstruction is trending, which is associated not only with the improvement of mastectomy techniques, but also with the coating of implants and the appearance of silicone highly adhesive gel filling of implants. According to the world literature data, the use of polyurethane-coated endoprostheses for prepectoral/subcutaneous reconstruction reduces the risk of capsular contracture, provides a more reliable fixation to the surrounding tissues, and thus allows breast reconstruction without the need for additional cover of the endoprosthesis. The use of the prepectoral space is characterized by a simpler operation technique compared to the retromuscular placement of the implant, the absence of damage to the large pectoral muscle, minimization of pain, reduction of the bed-day in the hospital and a faster rehabilitation period. So, this type of breast reconstruction can be considered as an alternative to submuscular implant placement in primary operable forms of breast cancer with sufficient thickness of the integumentary tissues.
Вопросы реконструктивной и пластической хирургии № 2 (61) июнь'2017 of injury, blood loss, and surgery time, as well as assumes no defects of donor zones. The paper presents the review of publications and results obtained by the authors. Material and methods. Since 2013 till 2016, specialists of the P. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute made 104 one-time breast cancer reconstructions with the use of mesh implants in 80 cases, acellular dermal matrix in 24 cases after radical skin-sparing or subcutaneous mastectomy. Average age of patients was 47.2 years. Stage 0 breast cancer was diagnosed in 2% of cases, I-30%, IIA-33%, IIB-16%, IIIA-15%, IIIB-2%, IIIC-2%. Titanium mesh implants were used in 12 patients, and polyester 3D mesh implants were applied in 68 cases. The size of silicone implants varied from 120 to 585 cm 3 depended on anatomic features of chest wall and breast constitution. Results. Cosmetic results were considered as excellent in 67.3% of cases, good in 19.2% of cases, satisfactory in 7.7% of cases, and poor in 5.8% of cases. The frequency of removal of silicone implant was 5.8% when titanium mesh implant was used and 0% for the polyester 3D mesh implant. Seroma was diagnosed in 1.9% of cases with the use of acellular dermal matrix and in 2.9% with the use of titanium mesh implant. Nipple-areola necrosis was observed in 1.9% of cases with the use of titanium mesh implant. Infection of implant site was observed in 2.9% of cases. Capsular contracture developed in 5.8% of cases after application of radiotherapy to the reconstructed breast. Conclusions. Biological and synthetic materials form a significant alternative to existing ways of breast reconstruction and, in many cases, adequate replacement of autologous muscular flaps at the proper selection of patients.
ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИРак молочной железы (РМЖ) занимает первое место среди злокачественных новообразований у женщин.Органосохраняющее лечение (ОСЛ), включающее вы -полнение секторальной резекции с аксиллярной диссек-цией или биопсией сторожевых лимфатических узлов, с проведением адъювантной лучевой терапии на молочную железу и по показаниям системной терапии, стало основ-ным вариантом лечения РМЖ на ранних стадиях.С 80-х годов ХХ века в хирургическом лечении РМЖ произошли изменения в сторону уменьшения объема Представлены показания и технология определения краев резекции при органосохраняющих операциях по поводу рака молочной железы. Цель -изучение интраоперационного срочного цитологического и гистологического исследования краев резекции при органосохраняющих операциях по поводу рака молочной железы. Материал и методы. В МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена с 2009 по 2013 г. срочное цитологическое исследование выполнено 754 больным. Исследован 1661 край резекции молочной железы при радикальной резекции. У 2,5% больных в крае резекции обнаружены опухолевые клетки. Ложноотрицательные цитологические заключения составили 1,2%. Достоверность исследования составила 97,8%. Результаты. В работе доказано, что цитологический метод исследования краев резекции является полноценным методом наряду с гистологическим исследованием. Срочное интраоперационное цитологическое и гистологическое исследование сравнивали с результатами планового гистологического исследования краев резекции. В 3 случаях пациенткам после по-лучения планового гистологического ответа выполнена реоперация: удаление оставшейся части молочной железы -у 2, подкожное удаление молочной железы с одномоментной реконструкцией -у 1 пациентки. В 2 случаях в удаленной части молочной железы обнаружены комплексы клеток рака, в одном случае опухолевой патологии не выявлено. Одна пациентка отказалась от повторной ререзекции и проводится динамическое наблюдение. Выводы. Достижение патоморфологически негативных краев резекции должно быть основной целью органосохраняющей операции при раке молочной железы. Цито-логический метод исследования краев резекции является полноценным методом наряду с гистологическим исследованием. Ключевые слова: рак молочной железы, органосохраняющая операция, края резекции, срочное цитологическое исследо-вание, срочное гистологическое исследование.The paper shows indications and technology for determination of resection margins during organ-sparing surgery for breast cancer. Objective: to conduct intraoperative emergency cytological and histological examination of resection margins during organ-sparing surgery for breast cancer. Subjects and methods. The P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute performed emergency cytological examination of 754 patients in 2009 to 2013. A total of 1661 breast resection margins during radical surgery were investigated. Tumor cells were found at the margin of resection in 2.5% of the patients. False-negative cytological rates were 1.2%. The significance of the investigation was 98.8%. Results. The investigation has provided ev...
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