We experimentally investigate the thermoelectric power (Seebeck effect) of quasi-two-dimensional single crystals of titanium and zirconium trichalcogenides (TiS 3 , ZrS 3 , ZrSe 3 , and ZrTe 3 ) under applied high pressure up to 10 GPa. Both sulfides were characterized by n-type semiconducting conduction in the whole pressure range investigated and, generally, showed moderate pressure responses of their electronic properties. Metallic ZrTe 3 conserved its p-type conduction under pressure, and its Seebeck coefficient curve displayed a distinct crossover near 2 GPa. Semiconducting ZrSe 3 demonstrated more remarkable responses to applied pressure, which included a multiorder gradual drop in its electrical resistance value up to 9 GPa and an n−p inversion of the dominant conduction type around 6 GPa. Furthermore, we found that a thermoelectric power factor of ZrSe 3 may be greatly improved under high applied pressure, achieving a value of an order of 3.5 mW/(K 2 m) at 9.5 GPa. Thus, an appropriately strained p-type ZrSe 3 with a dramatically reduced band gap value turns to be a promising thermoelectrics. One can anticipate that ZrSe 3 −ZrTe 3 solid solutions, in which the addition of ZrTe 3 should decrease the band gap value of ZrSe 3 in a controlled manner, could also demonstrate high thermoelectric performance parameters. Reversibility and reproducibility of the pressure-driven changes in the electronic properties of ZrSe 3 suggest that it has a potential for other industrial applications linked to cyclic stress loads, for example, in n−p switches or control of p−n−p transistor elements.

The effect of continuous lighting (CL, 24 h) and light spectrum on growth and nutritional quality of arugula (Eruca sativa), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italic), mizuna (Brassica rapa. var. nipposinica), and radish (Raphanus sativus var. radicula) were investigated in growth chambers under light-emitting diode (LED) and fluorescent lighting. Microgreens were grown under four combinations of two photoperiods (16 h and 24 h) providing daily light integral (DLI) of 15.6 and 23.3 mol m−2 day−1, correspondingly) with two light spectra: LED lamps and fluorescent lamps (FLU). The results show that fresh and dry weights as well as leaf mass per area and robust index of harvested arugula, broccoli, mizuna, and radish seedlings were significantly higher under CL compared to 16 h photoperiod regardless of light quality. There were no visible signs of leaf photodamage. In all CL-treated plants higher chlorophyll a/b and carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratios were observed in all plants except mizuna. CL treatment was beneficial for anthocyanin, flavonoid, and proline accumulation. Higher activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase) were also observed in CL-treated plants. In most cases, the effects were more pronounced under LED lighting. These results indicate that plants under mild oxidative stress induced by CL accumulated more non-enzymatic antioxidants and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. This added nutritional value to microgreens that are used as functional foods providing health benefits. We suggest that for arugula, broccoli, mizuna, and radish, an LED CL production strategy is possible and can have economic and nutritional benefits.

Erratum: NbS 3 : A unique quasi-one-dimensional conductor with three charge density wave transitions [Phys. Rev. B 95, 035110 (2017)]

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