Commercial stocks of two yellowfin sole populations on the western and eastern shelves of Sakhalin Island are assessed by VPA method using the data on their size-age structure and fishery statistics for 1950-2013. Results of the assessment are compared with the data of bottom trawl surveys conducted in 2000-2013. The yellowfin sole at Sakhalin Island had two periods of high abundance: in the 1950-1960s and in the 1985-1995, but its stocks decreased in the 1970-1980 and after the middle 1990s. This dynamics is similar to the dynamics of other large populations of yellowfin sole in the North Pacific - in the southeastern and western Bering Sea and on the shelf of West Kamchatka. All these changes are caused by natural reasons; fishery has secondary importance and affects on the populations in times of low stock only.

Introduction. The relevance of this study is determined, on the one hand, by the need for prevention and early identification of deviant behaviors among minors against the background of the growth of epidemiology and forms of addictive behaviors among other forms of risk behaviors of schoolchildren and students, on the other hand, by the lack of appropriate diagnostic tools that have been validated by the appropriate psychometric procedures. Currently, in the Russian Federation, a unified method of socio-psychological assessment of minors (hereinafter ‘UM-SPT’) is being massively implemented. It is aimed at identifying the latent and obvious risks within socio-psychological conditions that determine psychological readiness for addictive behaviors in adolescents and young people. The aim of this study was to conduct an empirical analysis of the psychometric indicators within "UM-SPT" (e.g. reliability, validity, discriminativeness) in order to reveal the limitations of the methodology and its application in the regions. Materials and Methods. The data were processed using parametric and nonparametric criteria for communication, differences, consistency (Pearson, Student, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, Fisher, Cronbach, and Spearman). Various types of statistical data analysis (correlation, regression, variance, factor) were used. Statistical data processing was carried out both manually and using the Statistica software package. The research was conducted in different regions of the Russian Federation. The sample consisted of 5100 people. Results. The authors found that all three forms of the technique have high indicators of synchronicity, internal consistency, and stability of the results. On the other hand, the study revealed factors of result distortion associated with the age, gender and region of residence of the subjects. An analysis of descriptive statistics showed a fairly high percentage of monotonous and stereotyped responses. When comparing the results of factor analysis with the content of the basic components of an addictive personality (‘self-control of behavior’, ‘attitude to norms’, ‘focus’, ‘conflict’, ‘strategies for overcoming cultural pressure’, ‘emotional sphere’, ‘a conflict with the social environment’), ameaningful coincidence of the factor structure with the content of these components was found. A disproportionate ratio of risk and protection factors in all three forms of the technique introduces significant distortions in the diagnostic results. Conclusions. The authors revealed and described the limitations of the methodology and risk areas of its application in the regions. The main indicators of reliability, validity, discriminativeness were identified on representative samples. Recommendations for improving the inventory were proposed.

Introduction. Today, there is an increase in the risks of involving minors in various forms of deviant behaviour, among the varieties of which addictive behavioural models are particularly dangerous. In this regard, proactive preventive measures are becoming particularly relevant, among which one of the key areas is the timely identification of potential addicts, including among students of educational organisations.Aim. The aim of the study was to identify the actual socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of underage students who are prone to addictive behaviour.Methodology and research methods. The comparative-analytical method of working with scientific literature presented in eLIBRARY.RU, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases was used as the main theoretical method. When organising the study, the authors relied on a number of methodological provisions: the structural method, when the research material is interpreted in accordance with the specific characteristics of the object of study; the method of comparisons, which consists in comparing individual results with each other. The main empirical method was the testing method. To obtain the results of the study, the authors employed a unified methodology of socio-psychological testing aimed at the identification of the risk of formation of addictive behaviour in minors. For mathematical and statistical data processing, the Statistics SPSS 19.0 package was applied: the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Dmax criterion (for boys and girls separately and jointly), the Mann-Whitney U test, regression analysis, analysis of averages, confidence and percentile intervals. Also, the factor analysis method was used – the principal component method, Varimax rotation. The stability of factors was calculated using the Lewandowski’s method. The study was conducted in different regions of Russia in 2019–2020. The sample consisted of 6,300 people.Results. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, the authors described the epidemiological picture of various forms of addictive behaviour of minors, the differences between male and female samples (young men demonstrate a greater desire for leadership, protest reactions, rivalry, and girls are more anxious, frustrated, focused on internal experiences), the interrelationships between the scales of the methodology and the poles of the selected factor structure from the point of view of asociality and prosociality of juvenile behaviour (desire for risk, social maladjustment, avoidance of conflict and others).Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the results is due to the receipt of relevant data on the specifics of the socio-psychological characteristics of modern adolescents and young men prone to addictive behaviour.Practical significance. The practical significance lies in the fact that the identified socio-psychological characteristics of the behaviour of a person prone to addictive behaviour can become the main planning work on the early detection of a tendency to addictive behaviour, organisation of preventive work with imperfect-year-olds, as well as for the organisation of psychological work with students at risk.

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The relevance of the research lies in the high social significance of research in the field of revealing mechanisms of destructive behavior formation in adolescence. The study of depth-psychological sphere of personality makes it possible to identify unconscious tendencies reflecting tendencies to destructive behavior, as well as to predict the risks of such manifestations in human behavior. Purpose of the research is the study and presentation of destructive and selfdestructive tendencies in the in-depth psychological sphere of young people living in urban and rural areas. Theoretical research methods are the comparative-analytical method as well as the inductive and deductive methods. Empirical research methods: methods of directed conversation, observation, as well as psychodiagnostic method (method of experimental diagnostics of motives «Szondi-Test»). Statistical processing of the data is carried out both manually and with the help of the software package «Statistica». The analysis of empirically received data indicates that the in-depth psychological sphere and its separate areas reflect the natural course of the crisis period of personal and social development for adolescence. Five conditional personality types of young people are identified: «Normally socialized», «Aggressive», «Destructive and self-destructive», «Passive and dependent», «Regressive and addictive». In analyzing it was found that the probability of destructive and selfdestructive tendencies in rural youth is higher than in urban youth. From the scientific point of view, the research confirms and completes the existing scientific information about the processes and regularities of personality development in adolescence. Scientific novelty of the research is given by the revealed and described in-depth psychological processes and peculiarities of personal and age development of young people.