Ïðåäñòàâëåí îáçîð äàííûõ ëèòåðàòóðû, ïîñâÿùåííûé ôàðìàêîëîãè÷åñêèì ýôôåê-òàì ôèòîñàïîíèíîâ äèîñêîðåè íà ñîñòîÿíèå îðãàíèçìà aeåíùèí, à òàêaeå äàíà îöåíêà öåëåñîîáðàçíîñòè è ïåðñïåêòèâíîñòè ðàçðàáîòêè ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ íà îñíîâå ôèòîñàïîíèíîâ äëÿ êîððåêöèè ìíåñòè÷åñêèõ è îáìåííûõ íàðóøåíèé ó aeåíùèí â ïîñò-ìåíîïàóçàëüíûé ïåðèîä.Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ôèòîñàïîíèíû; äèîñêîðåÿ; ðåïðîäóêòèâíàÿ ñèñòåìà aeåíùèíû; êëè-ìàêòåðè÷åñêèé ñèíäðîì. íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ èìååòñÿ òåíäåíöèÿ ê óâåëè÷å-íèþ ñðåäíåé ïðîäîëaeèòåëüíîñòè aeèçíè aeåíùèí âî âñåì ìèðå [10]. Ïî äàííûì ÂÎÇ, â 2015 ã. 46 % aeåí-ñêîãî íàñåëåíèÿ ìèðà áóäåò ñîñòîÿòü èç aeåíùèí ñòàð-øå 45 ëåò [2]. Íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü óaeå ìîaeíî îäíî-çíà÷íî ãîâîðèòü î òîì, ÷òî îêîëî òðåòè ñâîåé aeèçíè ñîâðåìåííàÿ aeåíùèíà ïðîaeèâàåò â ñîñòîÿíèè äåôè-öèòà ýñòðîãåíîâ, èñïûòûâàÿ ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå íåãàòèâ-íûå ñèìïòîìû ïîñòìåíîïàóçàëüíîãî ñèíäðîìà, ÷òî â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ìåðå îñëîaeíÿåò åå ñîöèàëüíóþ è ëè÷-íóþ aeèçíü [20,21,37].Õîðîøî èçâåñòíî, ÷òî ìåíîïàóçà è ñâÿçàííûé ñ íåþ êëèìàêòåðè÷åñêèé ñèíäðîì ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ôè-çèîëîãè÷åñêèé ïåðèîä â aeèçíè aeåíùèíû, â òå÷åíèå êîòîðîãî â îðãàíèçìå äîìèíèðóþò èíâîëþöèîííûå ïðîöåññû â ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ñèñòåìå [7,21]. Êëèìàê-òåðè÷åñêèé ñèíäðîì -ñâîåîáðàçíûé ñèìïòîìîêîì-ïëåêñ, ðàçâèâàþùèéñÿ ó 75 -80 % aeåíùèí â ïåðèîä óãàñàíèÿ ôóíêöèè ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ñèñòåìû íà ôîíå îáùåé âîçðàñòíîé èíâîëþöèè îðãàíèçìà [2,9]. Èìåí-íî åãî íàëè÷èå â aeèçíè ñîâðåìåííîé aeåíùèíû è îñ-ëîaeíÿåò ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêîå òå÷åíèå êëèìàêòåðè÷åñêîãî ïåðèîäà è õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ âàçîìîòîðíûìè, ýíäîêðèí-íî-îáìåííûìè è íåðâíî-ïñèõè÷åñêèìè íàðóøåíèÿìè [11,12]. Ïî÷òè ó ïîëîâèíû aeåíùèí ñ êëèìàêòåðè÷å-ñêèì ñèíäðîìîì îòìå÷àåòñÿ òÿaeåëîå òå÷åíèå çàáîëå-âàíèÿ (51 %), ó êàaeäîé òðåòüåé (33 %) åãî ïðîÿâëåíèÿ íîñÿò óìåðåííûé õàðàêòåð è òîëüêî â 16 % êëèìàêòå-ðè÷åñêèé ñèíäðîì ñîïðîâîaeäàåòñÿ ëåãêèìè ïðîÿâëå-íèÿìè [7,18]. Ñðåäè íàèáîëåå äðàìàòè÷íûõ ñèìïòî-ìîâ êëèìàêòåðè÷åñêîãî ïåðèîäà â aeèçíè aeåíùèíû ìîaeíî âûäåëèòü ñëåäóþùèå: ïðèëèâû, ïîâûøåííàÿ ïîòëèâîñòü, ó÷àùåííîå ñåðäöåáèåíèå, ïåðåïàäû äàâ-ëåíèÿ, ðàçäðàaeèòåëüíîñòü, ñëàáîñòü, àãðåññèÿ, òðå-âîaeíî-äåïðåññèâíûå ðàññòðîéñòâà, ëàáèëüíîñòü íà-ñòðîåíèÿ, ñóõîñòü è çóä âî âëàãàëèùå, íåäåðaeàíèå ìî÷è, îïóùåíèå îðãàíîâ ìàëîãî òàçà, èçìåíåíèÿ êîaeè, óâåëè÷åíèå ìàññû òåëà è ïåðåðàñïðåäåëåíèå aeèðà ïî ìóaeñêîìó òèïó, àòåðîñêëåðîç è îñòåîïîðîç [5,6,24].  ñîâîêóïíîñòè ýòî ñóùåñòâåííî îòðàaeàåòñÿ íà êà÷åñòâå aeèçíè, è ïîýòîìó îäíèì èç ãëàâíûõ íàïðàâëåíèé Ãëî-áàëüíîé èíèöèàòèâû ïî îõðàíå çäîðîâüÿ aeåíùèí (ÂÎÇ, 2011) ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêà ñîìàòè÷åñêèõ çà-áîëåâàíèé è ïîâûøåíèå êà÷åñòâà aeèçíè aeåíùèí â ïå-ðèîä ìåíîïàóçû [20,21].Ê ñîaeàëåíèþ, â íàøåé ñòðàíå äàííàÿ âîçðàñòíàÿ ãðóïïà aeåíùèí íå ïîëó÷àåò äîñòàòî÷íîãî âíèìàíèÿ ñî ñòîðîíû ñïåöèàëèñòîâ è, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü, ãèíåêîëî-ãîâ, à ñèìïòîìû, ñâÿçàííûå ñ íàñòóïëåíèåì ìåíîïàó-çû, ÷àñòî ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïîâîäîì äëÿ îáðàùåíèÿ aeåíùèí ê âðà÷àì äðóãèõ ñïåöèàëüíîñòåé [19,22]. Âìåñòå ñ òåì ðàññìîòðåíèå îñîáåííîñòåé ðàçâèòèÿ îòäåëüíûõ êëè-íè÷åñêèõ ïðîÿâëåíèé êëèìàêòåðè÷åñêîãî ñèíäðîìà äîñòàòî÷íî îò÷åòëèâî ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î ïàòîãåíåòè-÷åñêîé...
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