Parameters dynamics of brain bioelectric activity of 50 patients in alcoholic coma are  considered. Patients underwent continuous EEG monitoring from the end of the basic resuscitation to the apparent recovery of consciousness (awakening). The average registration time was 4.5 hours. EEG was recorded in standard derivations using the 10–20 system. The amplitude-frequency indices of spontaneous activity and reactivity are analyzed. Electroencephalographic correlates of cerebral insufficiency in comatose states are distinguished by pronounced polymorphism and high individual variability. Considering these features, “dynamic” parameters should be used as prognostic criteria: spontaneity and variability of the pattern, reactivity during stimulation. The increase in the frequency of bioelectric activity, desynchronization with external stimuli may indicate the beginning of the process of recovery of consciousness. Electrophysiological criteria for awakening, developed in this work on the example of alcoholic coma, can be mostly applicable to unconscious states caused by other etiological factors: trauma, hypoxia, vascular failure.

EEG performance in the intensive care unit in critically ill patients can be provisionally allocated to a special type of research — EEG of critical states. The article deals with the methodological features of EEG performance in intensive care, as well as general patterns of EEG changes in patients in coma. The analysis of the patterns of the EEG in intensive care unit is described. Parameters of reactivity of the central nervous system are given. An algorithm for describing epileptiform changes is presented. The criteria for the diagnosis of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in patients unconscious are discussed, as well as a prognosis of the outcome of a long unconscious state in the presence of epileptiform changes in the EEG. Data on the parameters of periodic patterns are collected, their description and diagnostic criteria are given. The role and possibilities of EEG in the diagnosis of brain death are considered.

The frontal lobes make a significant contribution to the formation of individual personality traits, in connection with which it is important to identify the links between the parameters of the bioelectric activity of the frontal cortex and the indicators of psychological tests. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between the indicators of extraversion and neuroticism of the subjects and the parameters of their EEG. For the first time, differences in these relationships were found at rest and during standard functional tests, without the use of additional specialized loads. The study involved healthy subjects of both sexes, average age 19.3 years; all subjects are right-handed. To identify the level of extraversion and neuroticism, the standard Eysenck test (option B) was used. The EEG was recorded using the bipolar derivation method. 19 electrodes were exposed in accordance with the international Jasper system 1020%. EEG was recorded at rest with eyes closed and during functional tests: eye opening, hyperventilation, photostimulation. The correlation coefficients of the index and absolute power of the EEG with the level of extraversion and neuroticism were calculated both for the entire sample of subjects and for individual groups according to the level of extraversion and the level of neuroticism. For the entire sample of subjects, positive significant correlations of EEG power with the level of extraversion and negative with the level of neuroticism were revealed. In the groups of subjects with high, medium and low levels of extraversion and neuroticism, the differences in correlation relationships with EEG parameters are more pronounced. In these groups, these differences are more often manifested when performing functional tests than at rest with closed eyes.

As a result of pathomorphosis affecting the mechanisms of electrical activity generation interictal EEG may show reduced epileptiform changes whereas clinically apparent epileptic seizures may be present. In these cases patterns of dominant alpha activity are sometimes recorded on the scalp. In this study variations of alpha activity in patients with refractory epilepsy are classified. A group of 50 refractory epilepsy patients aged between 20 and 55 years who were submitted to Polenov Russian Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery in 2014-2017 was included in this study. They underwent scalp EEG as a part of their presurgical assessment. In 12 cases patterns of potentially pathological alpha activity were observed. Three variations of alpha-patterns were described: 1) alpha-rhythm with decreased regional diversity and a marked synchronization in temporal areas; 2) alpha-rhythm with reduced epileptiform complexes integrated into the spindles, 3) decelerated non-rhythmic alpha activity distorted by the higher frequency components. Distinguished varieties of potentially pathological alpha-activity according to their order here represent gradual functional decline of normal thalamo-cortical interaction. Considering clinical manifestation of drug-resistant epilepsy with frequent seizures in these patients, reported varieties of alpha activity can not be interpreted as Landolt’s syndrome (forced normalization of EEG). Invasive electrocorticographic monitoring demonstrated that bursts of sharpened polyphasic waves coinciding with alpha-rhythm on scalp EEG are consistent with epileptic discharges on the brain cortex surface. This allows to think of these components as correlates of epileptic activity. Therefore, on a number of occasions in patients with epilepsy a dissonance between clinical signs and electroencephalographic patterns recorded during restful wakefulness may be observed, when epileptiform components are absent or reduced to nonspecific complexes.