Digitalization and transition to a new technological structure bring humanity to another level of development. The changing technological structures, industry and society progress, enhance the importance of improving the university development model. The existing management system and infrastructure in universities are often outdated and unable to ensure their competitive and adequate functioning. Hence, the need to improve the processes of using the university infrastructure through digital technology. The composition and range of the resources should also be reviewed and supplemented with new components.The purpose of this work is to reveal the principles and requirements for improving the university infrastructure using digital technology.The methodology is based on modeling the university management system, with the concept of infrastructure logic as a core, meant to include new elements in the university management infrastructure: university stakeholders, cultural values, investments and translation.The management model transformation implies a transition from structural to infrastructural approach, from infrastructure management to managing the infrastructure logic. The digital network platform incorporating the information on all the infrastructure facilities, their status, will provide effective user access management to each university resource.The recommendations formulated to improve the university infrastructure using digital technology will make higher education more effective.

The relevance of this study is caused by the growing role of digital technology in the organization and functioning of socioeconomic relations. Universities and enterprises are actively using digital technology to realize their traditional functions. Digital transformation requires the adoption of an adequate government policy for the effective management of modern digital processes. The objective is to conduct a study of the digital transformation of universities and enterprises at the micro and macro levels of the socioeconomic system and to formulate some recommendations on improving the efficiency and safety of using digital technologies. As special methods, the authors used the methods of sociological survey and statistical information processing. An institutional approach was used to analyze digitalization processes in the national socio-economic system. The most favorable institutions for the development of digital technologies were identified. A multilevel approach to the analysis of digitalization processes at the personal, organizational and institutional levels was also used. The study revealed a discrepancy in the level of development of the necessary digital competencies between universities and the real sector of the economy. The reason for this was the absence or insufficient development of relevant institutions: trust, competition, entrepreneurship, property rights. Some recommendations were formulated to improve the institutions that promote digitalization, depending on the level of socio-economic activity: personal, organizational, routine.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the audiovisual teaching aids are applied in the modern educational environment and to assess their application efficiency in the context of the secondary-level vocational education establishments. Design/methodology/approach A pedagogical experiment was conducted to confirm this hypothesis. At the preparatory stage, the authors have analyzed the teaching and learning process, as well as students learning at the secondary-level vocational education establishment. Statistical sample was 300 people. Findings Based on the research results, main mistakes made while applying the audiovisual teaching aids were identified, formulated and investigated. These mistakes were related to the insufficient methodological preparation. As these mistakes were eliminated, student achievements and learning skills have increased by 15–20 percent (experiment data). The average marks, obtained by students before and after eliminating the methodological mistakes, were taken in points (from 2 to 5) as achievement and learning skill criteria. Research conclusion is that audiovisual aids application quality can be improved only through the research on students’ educational and creative potential, their perception of various learning materials, and their preferences in the information structure, composition, types and forms. Originality/value Applying audiovisual teaching aids in the learning process is a challenge. This paper is driven by the need of new unique methods for applying audiovisual aids related to identifying the optimal temporal lesson structure, as well as the composition and the amount of auxiliary teaching materials, interactive communication level and ways to stimulate the emotional and creative activity of students.

The reorganization of the world and its globalization, a new turn of migration processes led to the appearance of problems that had not previously disturbed into the modern society. Consequently, nowadays there is a need to study the historical past so that we could understand the modern trends. The origin of modern problems, phenomena, processes and, especially, their appearance can be traced using the example of economic and political systems that have existed before. In this regard, it would be especially interesting to trace the specific aspects of modern taxation, why the Eastern and European tax collection systems occurred to be different, what influenced the formation of the mechanism of tax collection in different countries in the past, and, most importantly, how the interaction of the Asian and European taxation systems created the specifics of tax collection in the "middle" countries of Eastern Europe. The presented article is devoted to the analysis of the development of the taxation system of the feudal states of Eastern Europe such as Volga Bulgaria, Ulus Dzhuchi and the Kazan vilayet in the first half of the 16th century. While comparing them with the fiscal systems of the countries of the Muslim East, using the reports of Arab-Persian travelers, information from the Russian sources and information from Khan yarlyks, the authors analyze the diversity in the evolution of the of tax system and the extortion of a huge part of the population of Eastern Europe.

The modern global trend in education is determined by globalization of scientific knowledge and pedagogical technologies. As a consequence, a huge number of people who seek to get a good education flow from the countries with a less developed level of science and technology into those where qualitative indicators of social advancement are higher. A similar situation is observed in Russia, where young people from Central Asia come to get a University education.In quite a different socio-cultural and educational environment, foreign students are experiencing serious ethnic, cultural, household, etc. difficulties. In a megalopolis, these problems are hardly noticeable, aided by a tolerant environment. Foreign students are in a more difficult situation trying to adapt to the social and educational environment of a small city (Elabuga).It is possible to resolve the ensuing problem through a set of measures that enable foreign students to get accustomed to the state education system by means of establishing joint education. In this regard, our research aims to study the ways of foreign students' adaptation to the social and educational environment of a small city, formation of undergraduate teachers' professional competencies, to analyze the tasks set for them, the university and the city, and find ways to solve the ensuing problems.The results of the study show the importance of working out a strategy of effective integration of foreign students into the educational and socio-cultural environment of the Institute with the aim of forming their social, personal, and professional competencies and tolerant attitude to them.