In the article the authors consider the problems of aging of the population of Europe, analyze the "silver economy" in European countries and the possibility of its implementation in Ukraine. Forms and ways of formation of education of elderly people in Europe are considered. The current state and development of non-formal education of the elderly in Ukraine are studied. Problems and prospects of functioning of third age universities for the national economy of Ukraine are determined. In Ukraine, it is important to realize the potential of education of people of respectable age for the socio-economic development of the state, to preserve its human capital. To create an optimal model of educational environment for the elderly, it is important to provide conditions for maximum satisfaction of educational and communicative needs of this cohort of people, taking into account previous experience, knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as individual characteristics of the elderly.

Кришталь Аліна Олександрівна кандидат педагогічних наук, доцент кафедри суспільних наук, Черкаський інститут пожежної безпеки імені Героїв Чорнобиля Національного університету цивільного захисту України, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-6603 СУТНІСТЬ ПОНЯТТЯ «СИНДРОМ ПРОВИНИ ВЦІЛІЛОГО» У КОНТЕКСТІ НАДАННЯ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ТИМЧАСОВО ПЕРЕМІЩЕНИМ ОСОБАМАнотація. У статті охарактеризовано сучасні підходи до трактування сутності поняття «синдром провини вцілілого». Визначено наявність спільного досвіду у людей з почуттям провини вцілілого незалежно від виду травмуючої події, часу, місця, соціального статусу тощо, наприклад у ветеранів війни, у біженців, у тих, хто вижив під час Голокосту; в'язні концентраційних таборів; у тих, хто залишився живий після терористичних атак; тих, хто вилікувався від раку тощо.Одним із наслідків переживання травмуючої події є зміна у світосприйнятті, порушення певних базових настанов щодо світу, інших людей та самого себе.Встановлено, що тимчасово переміщені особи доволі часто відчували небезпеку, як фізичну і так психологічну; розгубленість, відчуження, пригнічення та апатію; нерозуміння і неприйняття з боку окремих членів суспільства, докори, звинувачення і самозвинувачення; хвилювання за тих, хто залишився (наприклад, на тимчасово окупованій території); відчуття незахищеності; психосоматичні розлади тощо. Як наслідок, спостерігалися зміни у поведінці, загострення хронічних хвороб, депресивні стани тощо.Почуття провини вцілілого може мати як адаптивний, так і дезадаптивний характер. Захисні функції синдрому провини вцілілого полягають у тому, що, особистість компенсує свої негативні відчуття у зв'язку з неспроможністю вплинути на події, що відбуваються.Уточнено поняття «синдром провини вцілілого» у контексті надання психологічної допомоги тимчасово переміщеним особамскладний когнітивно-поведінковий феномен, що виникає внаслідок травмуючої події, у результаті якої особа вижила, у той час як хтось загинув; є системою психологічних захистів, що пом'якшують емоційне напруження, аутоагресію, викликані сильними почуттями.

French sinology takes a special place in the history of the sinological studies development. It was France that became the first country where the transformation of missionary sinology, which was common among a limited circle of researchers (mainly in a religious sphere), into the academic scientific discipline, which had already been taught and studied at a professional level in academic institutions, occurred. The Parisian type of sinology used to dominate the entire world for a long time, including such powerful centers of Chinese studies as Germany, Great Britain, the USA, and China itself. The conducted historiographical analysis of the topic allows pointing out the insufficient coverage by the local researchers of the evolution of French sinology historical development as a whole process that had lasted for almost 800 years. This fact prompted the authors to reveal the mentioned topic. The purpose of the article is to investigate the historical development of French sinology during the 13th–21st centuries. In the course of the work, both general scientific methods and special ones were used, among which the priority was given to historical, chronological and problem-thematic methods. The analytical method and methods of grouping and typology were also applied, that made it possible to present the material in a logically complete manner. In order to form a complete picture of sinology development in France, the authors singled out and analyzed three historical periods covering the entire history of Chinese studies development, starting from its birth and flourishment to the process of stagnation. Thus, within the time limits of the first period, the process a peculiar scientific base of knowledge about China accumulating, as well as the development of missionary sinology, was investigated, and it was proved that it became a kind of bridge between the protosinological stage and academic sinology, which secularized the achievements of its predecessors in the 19th century and turned into a scientific academic discipline. Within the time limits of the second period, the scientific achievements of a whole galaxy of French scholars were analyzed, namely, Edouard Chavannes, Marcel Granet, Henri Paul Gaston Maspero, and others, and it was concluded that the Sinological school in France was at the peak of its development, and the views of its representatives gained priority among sinologists all over the world. Regarding the third period, the authors express the opinion that modern French sinology has lost its leading position in the scientific world, and the search for the latest methodological approaches and methods (primarily multidisciplinary with the use of digital technologies) is primarily an attempt to achieve parity with the leading centers of Chinese studies. Factual research material can be used for further study of the history of sinology development, as well as for writing generalising papers on Chinese studies, reading lecture courses, special courses and special seminars.

The essence of project and technological skills in the context of the future specialists of the civil defense service training is described. It was determined that the structure of project and technological skills consists of the ability to: identify a problem, define a task, outline various ways of its implementation, focused on the development and justification of measures to strengthen fire protection, planning preventive measures, etc.; determine the expected result of the educational project aimed at improving the quality of fire prevention, emergency rescue and management activities of the industry; ensure the achievement of the result; to carry out analysis, systematization and generalization of the normative regulation of the industry in the process of working on the implementation of the task of the educational project; monitor the performance of tasks and duties; organize work in a team and involve experts in solving individual issues; to form and provide a moral and psychological climate that contributes to the fulfillment of the tasks of the educational project; carry out effective professional communication; creatively design the result of the educational project and present it using information and communication technologies; objectively evaluate, self-evaluate and mutually evaluate; carry out an examination; to reflect.It is proposed to determine the level of project and technological skills of future specialists of the civil defense service development in accordance with the № 1(15) 2023 98 criteria and indicators of the motivational and cognitive components-prerequisites and the operational-active formative component. The criteria for the formation of the specified skills of the future specialists of the civil defense service according to the motivational and cognitive components-prerequisites and the operational-active formative component are respectively defined as: motivational and value, cognitive and operational-active. The levels of design and technological skills formation are defined as elementary, sufficient and high.