In 2004, the Pskov — Livonia Euroregion was established across the borders of Estonia, Latvia and Russia (the Pskov region). Tourism became a cooperation priority in the Euroregion. This necessitated research on the local tourism and recreation areas. This study aims to estimate the development prospects of transboundary microregions which have been identified by the authors within the Latvian-Estonian-Russian tourism and recreation mesoregion. The authors employ ten additional criteria proposed in the general conception of transboundary tourism and recreation regions. The article identifies five microregions: Pskov-Pechory- Tartu and Pskov-Izborsk-Cesis (first level), Pytalovo-Rezekne (second level), and Izborsk- Pechory district- Setomaa and Lake Chudskoe area (third level). The authors classify the microregions according to their level of development. The development of the Izborsk-Pechory district-Setomaa microregion is defined as ‘above average’, that of Pskov-Pechory-Tartu as ‘average’, and that of Pskov-Izborsk-Cesis as ‘below average’, and finally, the development of Pytalovo-Rezekne microregion is described as ‘poor’. The Lake Chudskoe area microregion is classified as an ‘emerging’ one. The overall level of development of transboundary tourism and recreation microregions is assessed as ‘below average’. The results of the study can be used in preparing recommendations for the development of transboundary microregions within the Latvian-Estonian-Russian tourism and recreation mesoregion.

Despite that fact that cross-border tourism and recreation in the Baltic Sea Region have been extensively studied, there are still areas, which require further research. The aim of this article is to identify regions having active cross-border tourism and recreation in the adjacent territories of Finland and the Republic of Karelia. The authors propose to use an indicator characterizing the volume of incoming tourist flows. The number of tourists is not only indicative of the development of cross-border tourism and recreation; it is also one of the main criteria for determining the degree of the formation of cross-border regions. Using the statistics for Finland, the authors analyzed the geography of tourism in Finland’s border areas and identified the degree of intensity of cross-border tourism exchange between the neighbouring administrative units of the two countries. The article also examines other tendencies indicative of the formation and development of cross-border tourism and recreation regions along the Russian-Finnish border. The authors identified three cross-border tourism and recreation regions of different development levels: South Karelia, Middle Karelia and North Karelia. South Karelia is a mesoregion with the average annual tourist exchange of about 100 thousand people, which is the average level of tourism development. The total volume of cross-border tourist flows from and to other cross-border tourist and recreation regions is about 30 thousand people per year. Middle Karelia microregion ranks second and is followed by the North Karelian microregion. The authors conclude that these two microregions are at the initial stage of their formation and, therefore, can be regarded as parts of one microregion — Russian-Finnish Northern microregion.

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Псковский государственный университет, ПсковВ условиях глобализации все более значимой формой территориальной организации общества становятся транснациональные (межгосударственные) и трансграничные (между частями государств) регионы. Сегодня вместе с «комплексными» трансграничными регионами (еврорегионами) выделяются и «отраслевые», в частности, в сфере туризма и рекреации. В данном исследовании на основании главных и дополнительных признаков трансграничного туристско-рекреационного регионообразования выделено семь туристско-рекреационных микрорегионов на границе России с Эстонией и Латвией. Проведена классификация микрорегионов по транспортной связанности территорий, общности истории и этнического состава населения, тесноте социально-экономических связей, величине трансграничного туристского потока. Оценка уровня сформированности данных трансграничных микрорегионов выглядит следующим образом: «выше среднего» -российскоэстонские микрорегионы «Ивангород-Нарва» и «Изборско-Печорский край/Сетомаа», «средний»российско-эстонский микрорегион «Псков-Тарту», «ниже среднего» -российско-латвийский микрорегион «Псков-Цесис», «низкий» -российско-латвийские микрорегионы «Пыталово-Резекне» и «Себеж-Резекне». Российско-эстонский микрорегион «Чудское поозерье» отнесен к категории «потенциальных».К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а : трансграничный регион, туризм, рекреация, «новое российское порубежье», Эстония, Латвия.In the context of globalization, transnational (interstate) and transboundary (between parts of states) regions are becoming an increasingly important form of the spatial organization of the society. Along with the -complex‖ transboundary regions (Euroregions), -branch‖ regions in the sphere of tourism and recreation  Манаков А.Г., Голомидова Е.С., 2018 *Исследование выполнено в рамках стратегического проекта Псковского государственного университета «Россия начинается здесь» (программа «Опорный университет») 157 can currently be distinguished. In this study, seven tourist-recreational micro-regions on the Russian-Estonian and Russian-Latvian borders are identified based on the main and additional features of the crossborder tourist-recreational region formation. The paper provides a classification of micro-regions on the grounds of transport connectivity of territories, the mutual history and ethnic composition of the population, the contiguity of socio-economic relations, and the size of the transboundary tourist flow. The study made it possible to give the following assessment of the level of development of these cross-border micro-regions: -above average‖the Russian-Estonian micro-regions -Ivangorod -Narva‖ and -Izborsk-Pechory/Setomaa‖, -medium‖the Russian-Estonian micro-region -Pskov -Tartu‖, -below average‖the Russian-Latvian micro-region -Pskov -Cesis‖, and -low‖the Russian-Latvian micro-regions -Pytalovo -Rezekne‖ and -Sebezh -Rezekne‖. The Russian-Estonian micro-region -Chudskoe Lake District‖ is classified as -potential‖.

The article presents the results of a statistical-cartographic analysis of changes in the territorial structure of the ethnic space of Russia (within modern borders) at the level of the country's macroregions from the beginning of the XVIII century to the end of the XIX century (first census of 1897), divided into four periods — from 1719 to 1762 years, from 1762 to 1795 years, from 1795 to 1850 years, from 1850 to 1897 years. There are four components of the territorial structure in the ethnic space of Russia: the Russian ethnic core, the contact zone of the Russian megacore, the internal and external periphery. The proportion of the Russian population and the ethnic mosaic index are used as quantitative criteria for identifying these components of the territorial structure of the ethnic space of Russia. The research revealed that during the entire period of the study, there was a constant reallocation of the Russian population from the Russian ethnic core into macroregions, forming other components of the ethnic space of the country. In the second half of the XIX century macroregions that belongs to the contact zone of the Russian megacore and partially to the inner periphery began to perform the same function, jointly participating in the Russian colonization of the external periphery (outskirts of the Russian Empire).