Aim. To study relationship of levels of autoantibodies GAD 65, IА-2 and С-peptide with DRB1_1 and DRB1_2 genotypes of human leukocyte antigen and presence of ketoacidosis in children with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus among the population of Azerbaijan. Methods. 128 children with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus were examined. The average age of children was 8.7±0.40 years. GAD 65 and IA-2 autoantibodies were measured. Results. During the study no correlation between concentration of autoantibodies GAD 65 and IA-2 was found (r=0.067, p=0.46). Also no correlation was revealed between GAD 65 autoantibodies and C-peptide concentration (r=+0.025, p=0.011). Comparison of HLA DRB1_1 and DRB1_2 autoantibodies in 106 children also demonstrated no correlation. At the same time, positive correlation was found between glucose level and GAD 65 (r=+0.21, p=0.02). In children without ketoacidosis, but with high IA-2 (n=9) negative correlation with HbA1c level in the blood was revealed (r=-0.79, p

Aim. To perform comparative analysis of DQB1 and DQA1 class II genes of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system in the population of Azerbaijan. Methods. We studied the alleles of HLA DQ gene and subtypes of HLA DRB1*04 in 160 children with diabetes mellitus and in 271 healthy children from the population of Azerbaijan. Out of 160 patients, 50.6% (n=81) were boys, 49.4% (n=79) were girls. All patients with diabetes were under the age of 18 years. As a control group, 271 students of the Medical College No. 1 were involved: 79 (29.1%) boys, 192 (70.9%) girls. The collected blood samples were sent for further investigation to the medical genetic laboratory where polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping of the samples was performed. Results. For the first time, the relationship of diabetes with class II genes of the HLA system was studied. The Azerbaijani were found to have higher risk associated with HLA DQ2 molecule. The molecule HLA DQ8 also increases risk, although it is lower in comparison with HLA DQ2 molecule. What is unusual is that for this population the allele HLA DQB1*0304 was also associated with the risk of diabetes. Conclusion. The haplotype DQB1*0302-DQA1*03/DQB1*02-DQA1*05 (DQ8/DQ2.5) associated with high risk of diabetes is found in 3% of the representatives of the population of Azerbaijan, which is estimated as the average prevalence of diabetes.