ФГБОУ ВО «Северный государственный медицинский университет», г. Архангельск; 2 ФГБОУ ВО «Череповецкий государственный университет», г. Череповец; 3 ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации -Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А. И. Бурназяна» Федерального медико-биологического агентства, г. Москва Введение: Ведение медицинских регистров позволяет повысить скорость обработки данных и принятия управленческих решений в здравоохранении. Федеральный регистр медико-санитарных последствий дорожно-транспортных происшествий (ДТП) может явиться инструментом совершенствования технологии оказания медицинской помощи пострадавшим в ДТП на всех этапах и их адаптации к региональным особенностям дорожно-транспортного травматизма. Цель: Обосновать целесообразность создания федерального регистра медико-санитарных последствий ДТП. Методы: Выполнен обзор нормативных правовых документов и результатов научных исследований, предметом которых явились организационные подходы к оказанию первой, скорой медицинской и специализированной медицинской помощи пострадавшим в ДТП в догоспитальном и госпитальном периодах, процесс разработки и внедрения информационных технологий в здравоохранение. Результаты: Обоснована целесообразность организации федерального регистра медико-санитарных последствий ДТП. Обозначены его цель, задачи, объем регистрируемых данных. Определены направления использования данных регистра. Выводы: Ведение регистра медико-санитарных последствий ДТП позволит дать количественную оценку масштаба последних, обеспечит органы управления здравоохранением своевременной и обрабатываемой информацией, необходимой для разработки мероприятий по профилактике и снижению предотвратимых последствий ДТП. Ключевые слова: дорожно-транспортное происшествие, дорожно-транспортный травматизм, медико-санитарные последствия дорожно-транспортных происшествий, регистр

Aim. To assess the incidence of kidney stone disease and to identify its clinical course in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods. 48 medical records of patients hospitalized with primary hyperparathyroidism were retrospectively analyzed. The average age of the patients was 57 [53; 61] years. The medical history, complaints upon admission, the clinical presentation, the results of laboratory test and instrumental examination were studied in evaluating the medical records. The patients were divided into the group with nephrolithiasis (n=33) and the group without nephrolithiasis (n=15). The differences between the two groups were tested for statistical significance by the MannWhitney U test. Results. Among patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, nephrolithiasis was detected in 69% of patients, of which 90% were women in the postmenopausal period. The course of the kidney stone disease in these patients was characterized by frequent recurrence with a predominance of bilateral renal impairment (62%). The duration of nephrolithiasis before the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was 6 [1; 19] years, and this complication was often the first manifestation of the disease. According to the instrumental examination of kidney in patients with nephrolithiasis, small stones up to 5 mm in diameter were detected in 42% of cases, asymptomatic kidney stones in 15% of cases. A severe complication of primary hyperparathyroidism staghorn calculi were found in 2 (10%) patients. The patients in the group with nephrolithiasis showed higher serum calcium (p=0.022) and parathyroid hormone (p=0.007) levels compared with patients in the group without nephrolithiasis. Conclusion. Nephrolithiasis is a common complication of primary hyperparathyroidism; the presence of nephrolithiasis is associated with more significant changes in calcium and phosphate metabolism and is also characterized by a frequent asymptomatic course, thus requiring attention of specialists to this type of complications in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Relevance. Most of the victims of road accidents die prior to the arrival of medical staff, therefore, providing first aid to injured people in the first minutes after receiving injuries is very important for saving human life and health. Timely and skillful provision of first aid to victims of road accidents prevents further deterioration of the state of the human body and can positively affect the entire process of its further treatment and rehabilitation.Aim of study. To characterize the delivery of first aid to victims of road traffic accidents at the present stage and to outline possible ways for its improvement.Material and methods. To achieve this goal, an analysis was made of the results of domestic and foreign scientific research and regulatory legal acts on the issue of providing first aid to victims of road accidents. The literature search was carried out in specialized scientific search engines eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus using the keywords: first aid, prehospital stage, road traffic injuries, road traffic accidents. For the analysis, scientific articles published between 1980 and 2020 were selected. Resources with outdated or inaccurate information were excluded, some scientific papers were found by links to articles. The state of the problem of providing first aid to victims of road traffic injuries, for the most part, reflects scientific publications over the past ten years.