The true picture of the severity and the degree of central nervous system (CNS) in children of the first months of life, doesn´t is always reflected. The outcome of the disease, including unfavorable, is obvious only to the 9-12 months of age due to the features that are assessed as the phenomena of self-defense. A lot of attention in modern Russian and foreign literature is given to the biochemical risk factors for the development of various diseases and their complications, in particular the indicators of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, oxidative modification of proteins and antioxidant defense, neurospecific factors involved in the processes of maturation, differentiation and maintain the viability of brain neurons. However, the diagnostic potential of the investigated markers in children didn´t revealed. Purpose of this study is determination of markers of neurological deficits in infants on the basis of neurotrophic factors, indicators of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Materials and methods. Comprehensive survey of 134 children (61 boys and 73 girls) aged from 0 to 9 months was carried out with the assessment of neurological status and biochemical markers. Results of study. The first component of the nervous tissue of the brain, responding to hypoxia, is microglial environment, which is caused by the growth of lesions S100- protein (i.e., the neuron at the stage of 0-1 months didn´t been metabolic changes - this is evidence of low levels of SOD and MDA).