According to statistical data the number of the children with obesity steady grows every year. In this regard the attention to a problem of metabolic syndrome (MS) has to be paid at the first stages of its formation, since early childrenʼs age, for the further preventive measures of development of cardiovascular diseases. The special contribution to the development of MS on geniture is made by fetal programming. Metabolic changes in mother are associated with the development of gestosis which makes a negative impact on the motherfetoplacentary complexfetus system, and with increase of frequency and severity of perinatal pathology which demand urgent resuscitation actions. In childhood, syndromes that are part of the MS are gradually and often asymptomatic. One of the first components of MS developing is obesity, at the age of 10 hypertension joins, in the pubertal period impaired glucose tolerance. Dyslipidemia can occur at any age, including debuting only in adulthood. In addition, the components of the syndrome significantly limit the vital activity and reduce the social activity of children, thus worsening the general and mental state, reducing the quality of life. In children with MS anesthetic management has a set of features, both in organizational aspects and in the management of patients in conditions of increased risk of complications. Thus, early detection of children suffering from MS, primary and secondary preventive measures will allow to prevent or delay the manifestation of cardiovascular diseases, their transformation into chronic nosological forms, as well as improve the course and prognosis of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.