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Intensification of work processes of agricultural machinery is a part of important national economic problems of increase of agricultural production. One way to increase intensity is to reduce grain loss when working with combine harvesters on slopes of fields. In the lateral pitch of the harvester there is redistribution of the grain heap on the screen width and cleaning sieves. The diagram of linear distribution density of the grain heap on the screen width and cleaning sieves is transformed from a uniform type of rectangle to irregular: the type of triangle, trapeze without a shift or with a shift in the direction of the pitch. We have large losses of grain, because of the uneven linear distribution density of the grain heap on the screen width and sieves. The article offers various methods and devices, which have certain advantages and disadvantages, to reduce grain loss. One of the promising directions to reduce grain loss is the dynamic method, which uses a specific device as a set of hinged-lever units. However, one of the major drawbacks of these devices is the equality of oscillation frequency of the longitudinal and lateral pitch. The adopted working hypothesis and studies of the process kinematics and dynamics will define the main structural and technological parameters of the cam mechanism to align the linear distribution density of the grain heap on the screen width and sieves.

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Abstract. The article reveals some cases of justification of tractor main parameters (the weight of the tractor and the power of its engine) and tillage implements with combined and disk working bodies. Calculations with the use of the systematic energy-based mathematical model of soil processing units have shown that there is an optimal combination of the tractor's weight, engine power, and the width of the unit, which remain stable even in case of most of the main parameters of the system "Tractor-Implement-Operator-Field-Soil type-Crop" (TIOFSC system) are constantly changing, as well as environmental factors. The optimum weight of the tractor on soil cultivation using combined or disk tools with traction resistance of 5-7 kN·m -1 with a change in most of the factors of the TIOFSC system varies insignificantly and remains within 100-120 kN. The greater value of the tractor weight corresponds to the greater value of the specific traction resistance of the tillage machine. The limits of power variation are more significant and actually ranging from 300 to 450 hp. Tractors with lower power are effective with less seasonal load on the unit and an increase in the coefficient of shifts (duration of work during the day). The optimum width of the tillage implements remains in the range from 7 to 9 m, more often in the 7.5 m range. The optimum speed can vary from 6 to 13 km·h -1 , more often within 8-11 km·h -1 .

The most important process that affects the quality of the product obtained during the processing of buckwheat into cereals is peeling -the separation of films (outer shells) from the grain, which is carried out by peeling machines that differ in different ways of affecting the grain and the design of working elements. The Kazan State Agrarian University is working on developing devices with a reversible deck for peeling buckwheat grains. Their practical significance lies in the fact that the use of such devices eliminates the need for preliminary separation of grain into fractions according to geometric dimensions, and also increases the efficiency of grain peeling due to the influence of a complex of balanced forces on it. We consider a new design of a device for peeling buckwheat grain with a variable deck, which differs from existing devices in its compactness, low metal consumption, and low energy costs. To determine the performance indicators of the proposed peeling device, a laboratory prototype was created that allows, by changing the rotation frequency of the blade rotor and deck, to determine the peeling coefficient (a quantitative indicator) and the core integrity coefficient (a qualitative indicator). According to the results of the conducted experiments, the best indicators of peeling efficiency are observed, when peeling buckwheat grain with the moisture content 14, and 15 % after hydrothermal treatment at the rotor speed varied from 2100 to 2250 min -1 and deck speed -from 950 to 1150 min -1 .