Настоящий психолог: несколько штрихов к портрету Г.В. Залевского Статья посвящена юбилею Генриха Владиславовича Залевского, доктора психологических наук, профессора, члена-корреспондента РАО. Составлена из описания научного вклада и интервью с юбиляром. Отмечаются основные направления исследований, научные интересы, публикации, этапы творческой биографии. В интервью обсуждаются актуальные вопросы истории и методологии психологии, проблемы психологического образования и тенденций научного взаимодействия. Указывается необходимость более ответственного и активного сохранения специфики психологических методов в контексте тенденций к междисциплинарности и интеграции научных отраслей. Ключевые слова: психология; психопатология; фиксированные формы поведения; история психологии; методология; кризис. Сведения об авторах: МАЗИЛОВ Владимир Александрович, доктор психологических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей и социальной психологии Ярославского государственного педагогического университета (Ярославль, Россия).

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Background. The study of the contribution of Alexei Nikolaevich Leontiev to the development of Russian psychological science makes it possible to evaluate his outstanding personal qualities, organizational skills, and the talent of a scientist and researcher. Objective. The study is aimed to analyze the role of A.N. Leontiev in the development of Russian psychology as a field of independent scientific knowledge. Methods. The material was obtained in the study of memories on the life and work of A.N. Leontiev. The analysis of theoretical and methodological research on the problems of psychological science was also conducted. Results. The analysis showed that A.N. Leontiev is one of the few psychologists who took responsibility for the development of psychological science in the USSR. This was reflected in the systematic and fundamental organizational activity, in the creation of psychological faculties, scientific journals, training of personnel for psychological institutions. A.N. Leontiev played a significant role in the rapprochement of Soviet and foreign psychology, acquaintance of Soviet psychologists with the research of psychologists abroad. At the same time, A.N. Leontiev managed to make a significant contribution to the solution of theoretical and methodological issues of world psychology. It is asserted that the achievements of A.N. Leontiev in the areas of organizational, scientific, research activities are explained by a combination of personal qualities of a scientist associated with the ability to think strategically, see a systematic solution to problems, and take responsibility. Conclusion. The most significant achievements of A.N. Leontiev are associated with institutionalizing psychology, training psychological personnel, solving fundamental theoretical and methodological problems of Soviet psychology. Despite the vast research on the personality and activity of A.N. Leontiev within Russian psychological science, the task of archival work with sources and materials remains of great importance. There is an urge for broad generalization of the results in the life and creative paths of the scientist, for the spread of materials about A.N. Leontiev among modern young psychologists.

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The article is devoted to the discussion of the problem of abilities that are relevant for psychological science. The abilities we consider are in the context of modern theoretical and methodological problems of domestic psychology: the conceptual space of psychology, the definition of the subject and method, and the organization of psychological research. It has been debated for some time (beginning in the 1960s) in Russian psychology, the important methodological significance of abilities in explaining numerous aspects of a person's mental life. During which time, a holistic psychological theory of abilities in domestic psychology was not created. The purpose of this article is a theoretical substantiation of the role and place of concepts of abilities in the construction of modern psychological research. The study used the communicative methodology of psychology, allowing us to better consider the process of psychological research as a transformation of the initial abstraction by the researchers in the direction of choosing: the main idea of the study, the base category and modeling representation. Research methods: are the analysis of the role and place of concept of abilities in the design of modern psychological research from material of empirical and experimental data published in leading peer-reviewed journals of 2010 to 2022. As a result, it was found that domestic psychologists use the concept of ability actively in different ways; this defined the main idea of the study. We used, both subjective (from self-awareness), and objective (from behavior), and complex variants of the correlation of the subject and method of studying abilities. This allows us to assert that the concept of ability has an important methodological significance in terms of constructing modern empirical and experimental research. In addition, it showed that the concept of ability performs an important explanatory function in solving the problems of differentiating subjects according to individual psychological characteristics, as well as in explaining the success of performing different types and types of activities.