This chapter presents a case study, which applies statistical design and analysis to an LC-MS-based -investigation of subjects with coronary artery disease. First, we discuss the principles of statistical -experimental design, and the specification of an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) model that describes the major sources of variation in the data. Second, we discuss procedures for detecting differentially abundant proteins, estimating protein abundance in individual samples, testing predefined groups of proteins for enrichment in differential abundance, and calculating sample size for a future experiment. The discussion is accompanied by examples of computer code implemented in the open-source statistical software R, which can be followed for an independent implementation of a similar investigation.

The potential impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have become one of the most important issues of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 may be associated with more frequent development of acute cardiovascular complications, while patients with established cardiovascular diseases are characterized by a higher risk of severe infection and adverse in-hospital outcomes. Due to the spread scale of the pandemic, understanding the long-term cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 is of no less importance. Inability to extrapolate available international data to the Russian population has led to the initiation of a national multicenter study (registry) of patients recovered from COVID-19 and with concomitant involvement of the cardiovascular system or with baseline severe cardiovascular diseases. The article presents its rationale, design and implications of the results for clinical practice.

Hygienic standards for chemical admixtures contents in food products in the Eurasian Economic Union countries are an integral part of the technical regulations adopted in the Customs Union and the EEU. However, not all of them have been substantiated by the moment in relation to acceptable consumers’ health risk. The aim of this research is to discuss fundamentals for fixing acceptable daily intake (ADI) for chemical substances in food according to human health risk criteria. We analyzed problems related to fixing hygienic standards for chemical substances in food advisable in the process to apply data obtained in previous research and published in relevant literature sources. When choosing points of the establishment for fixing ADI or provisional tolerable intake (PTI) in a situation when data on several different starting points are available, one should choose such parameters that require the application of fewer modifying factors, namely reference levels (BMD) detected as for epidemiologic research results for the most sensitive population groups. It is advisable to supplement a set of mathematic modeling techniques applied for fixing hygienic standards for chemical admixtures content in food products with evolution modeling of health risk that can be applied to verify suggested values. When fixing ADI, one should primarily apply such modifying factors as those that allow for interspecies extrapolation, points of establishment for ADI/PTI, and extrapolation of research results under short-term exposure onto persistent exposure scenarios. The suggested recommendations for substantiation of modifying factors will allow unifying their application to a certain extent when calculating ADI/PTI of chemicals. Before any permissible risk levels are fixed in a process of hygienic standard development, it is advisable to apply the following permissible health risk level: for quantitative assessment, lifelong risk of a severe disease or death being equal to 1∙10-4; for semi-quantitative risk characteristics, hazard quotient equal to 1; for risk evolution analysis, reduced health risk index equal to 0.05.

In accordance with the requirements of paragraph 3.2.6 of sanitary rules and norms «Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors at workplace», in the event of exceeding noise level at workplace above 80 dBA, an employer is obliged to assess the health risk of workers and confirm an acceptable risk to their health. The connection between the incidence of occupational and occupationally conditioned diseases with noise exposure exceeding the maximum permissible levels (80 dBA) was estimated. The assessment was carried out at a food industry enterprise of Perm Region. Assessing the relationship between morbidity and noise exposure is the first step in evaluation of occupational health risks for workers exposed to noise exceeding MAL. If a reliable relationship between morbidity and noise exposure is established, an assessment of occupational risk is conducted. The odds ratio (OR) for diseases characterized by high blood pressure and disorders of autonomic nervous system was <1 (confidence interval CI=0.11–1.61 and CI=0.08–2.78, respectively). The relative risk (RR) for diseases characterized by high blood pressure and disorders of autonomic nervous system was <1. The received data testify absence of connection of morbidity with exposure to industrial noise, calculation of etiological share of responses and levels of risk is not required.

Introduction. Currently, it is important to develop preventive measures aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of employees, including those developed taking into account the results of occupational risk. The aim of study is to calculate the individual health risk of workers in the mining and oil-producing industries caused by exposure to industrial noise, taking into account the severity of the disease. Materials and methods. Mathematical models reflecting the "exposure-response" relationship were used to assess the probability of responses from the impact of factors of the production environment and the labor process, as well as to determine the probability of deviation of predictor indicators. The individual health risk of employees was calculated by multiplying the probability of a response to its severity. For probable occupational diseases, the risk was calculated taking into account the probability of developing the disease in employees with a deviation of tread indicators. Results. The values of individual risk to the health of mining workers due to the development of sensorineural hearing loss ranged from 1.18∙10-2 to 1.46∙10-1. The risk to the health of oil industry workers caused by the occurrence of production-related arterial hypertension exceeds the permissible level of 13% of people from the observation group and ranges from 1∙10-3 to 24∙10-3. Conclusions. The analysis of changes in the value of occupational risk in employees over time, conducted on the basis of mathematical models, allows you to predict the long-term consequences associated with the impact of production factors. The results of this analysis can be used in the development of preventive measures at both the group and individual levels.