ÂñòóïÎäíèì ³ç ÷èííèê³â ïîäàëüøîãî ðîçâèòêó òâàðèííèöòâà â Óêðà¿í³, îñîáëèâî ìîëî÷íî-ãî ñêîòàðñòâà, º ñòâîðåííÿ íàëåaeíî¿ êîðìî-âî¿ áàçè. Óñï³øíå ðîçâ'ÿçàííÿ ö³º¿ ïðîáëåìè íåìîaeëèâå áåç íàÿâíîñò³ âèñîêîïðîäóêòèâ-íèõ ñîðò³â ³ ã³áðèä³â êîðìîâèõ êóëüòóð, àäàïòîâàíèõ äî êîíêðåòíèõ ´ðóíòîâî-êë³ìà-òè÷íèõ óìîâ ³ çäàòíèõ çàáåçïå÷èòè âèðîáíèö-òâî âèñîêîÿê³ñíèìè êîðìàìè [1,2].Ñüîãîäí³ â Óêðà¿í³ ïîøèðåí³ ëèøå 10-12 âèä³â áàãàòîð³÷íèõ òðàâ. ̳ae òèì, ðîçøè-ðåííÿ âèäîâîãî ñêëàäó ïîñóõîñò³éêèõ êîð-ìîâèõ ðîñëèí, à òàêîae îáñÿãè ñåëåêö³éíî¿ ðîáîòè ç íèìè ìàþòü âàaeëèâå çíà÷åííÿ äëÿ çàïîá³ãàííÿ íåãàòèâíèì íàñë³äêàì ïîñóõè. Ùå Í. È. Âàâèëîâ [3] ïîä³ëèâ âñå ð³çíîìà-í³òòÿ âèä³â ³ ðîä³â íà òðè ãðóïè: íàéá³ëüø ïîñóõîñò³éê³, ïðîì³aeí³ òà íàéìåíø ïîñó-õîñò³éê³. Äî ïåðøî¿ ãðóïè â³í â³äí³ñ òàê³ êóëüòóðè, ÿê aeèòíÿê, ëþöåðíó ñåðïîâèäíó, áóðêóí ³ êîñòðèöþ îâå÷ó. Ó äðóãó ãðóïó -ïðîì³aeíó -ââ³éøëè ñòîêîëîñ áåçîñòèé, åñ-ïàðöåò, ëþöåðíà ïîñ³âíà é ì³íëèâà, ïèð³é ñåðåäí³é. Äî òðåòüî¿ ãðóïè íàëåaeàòü êîðìî-â³ êóëüòóðè, ùî íîðìàëüíî ðîñòóòü ³ ïëîäî-íîñÿòü çà óìîâ äîñòàòíüîãî çâîëîaeåííÿ.Ïîäàëüøå ðîçøèðåííÿ ãåíîôîíäó êîðìî-âèõ êóëüòóð, ïîãëèáëåíå ¿õ âèâ÷åííÿ º âàãî-ìèì ÷èííèêîì óäîñêîíàëåííÿ é ñòàá³ë³çàö³¿ êîðìîâî¿ áàçè äëÿ òâàðèííèöòâà [4].Âàaeëèâèì äaeåðåëîì íîâèõ êîðìîâèõ êóëüòóð º ïðèðîäíà ôëîðà. Ç óñï³õîì âîíè ìîaeóòü áóòè àêë³ìàòèçîâàí³ òàêîae ç ³íøèõ ðåã³îí³â. ²íòðîäóêö³ÿ é çàëó÷åííÿ íîâèõ çðàçê³â êîðìîâèõ ðîñëèí äຠìîaeëèâ³ñòü ïîïîâíèòè íàÿâíèé ñîðòîâèé òà âèäîâèé ñêëàä òðàâ çà êîíêðåòíèõ åêîëîã³÷íèõ óìîâ. Ìåòà. Îö³íèòè ³íòðîäóêîâàí³ çðàçêè ïîñóõîñò³éêèõ âèä³â çëàêîâèõ áàãàòîð³÷íèõ òðàâ, âèä³ëèòè ïåðñïåêòèâíèé âèõ³äíèé ìàòåð³àë ³ íà éîãî îñíîâ³ ñòâîðèòè âèñîêîïðîäóêòèâí³ ñîðòè ç ãîñïîäàðñüêî-ö³ííèìè îçíàêàìè. Ìåòîäè. Ïîëüîâèé, ëàáî-ðàòîðíèé. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Íàâåäåíî ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äaeåíü ç ³íòðîäóêö³¿ òà ñåëåêö³¿, ñïðÿìîâàíèõ íà ï³äâèùåííÿ ïîñóõîñò³é-êîñò³ íåòðàäèö³éíèõ âèä³â çëàêîâèõ áàãàòîð³÷íèõ òðàâ â óìîâàõ Ïðàâîáåðåaeíîãî ˳ñîñòåïó Óêðà¿íè. Íà îñíîâ³ âèä³ëåíîãî âèõ³äíîãî ìàòåð³àëó ìåòîäàìè ã³áðèäèçàö³¿ òà åêîòèïîâî¿ ñåëåêö³¿ ñòâîðåíî òà çàíåñåíî äî Äåðaeàâíîãî ðåºñòðó ñîðò³â ðîñëèí, ïðèäàòíèõ äëÿ ïîøèðåííÿ â Óêðà¿í³, ñîðòè: ïèð³þ ñåðåäíüîãî (Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski) -'Õîðñ'; aeèòíÿêó ãðåá³í÷àñòîãî (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) -'Ïåòð³âñüêèé'; ñòîêîëîñó ïðèáåðåaeíîãî (Bromus riparia Rehm.) -'Áîÿí'; ðåãíå𳿠øîðñòêîñòåáëîâî¿ (Roegneria trachycaulon (Link) Nevski) -'Êîëóìá'. Ïîð³âíÿíî ç òðàäèö³éíèì, â³äíîñíî ïîñóõîñò³é-êèì âèäîì ñòîêîëîñó áåçîñòîãî (Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub) -'Ìàðñ', çá³ð ñóõî¿ ðå÷îâèíè çàçíà÷åíèõ âèä³â çà âêðàé ïîñóøëèâèõ óìîâ ó 2011 ð. çá³ëüøèâñÿ íà 1,52-3,73 ò/ãà. Çà óìîâ á³ëüøîãî çâîëîaeåííÿ â 2012 ð. ðåãíåð³ÿ øîðñòêîñòåáëîâà 'Êîëóìá' çà öèì ïîêàçíèêîì áóëà íà ð³âí³ êîíòðîëüíîãî ñîðòó. ²íø³ ñîðòè ïåðåâèùóâàëè éîãî íà 1,44-3,22 ò/ãà. Íàâåäåíî äàí³ ïðî íàñ³ííºâó ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ³ ïîêàçíèêè ïîñ³âíî¿ ÿêîñò³, òðèâàë³ñòü ï³ñëÿçáèðàëüíîãî äîñòèãàííÿ òà ãîñïîäàðñüêî¿ ïðèäàòíîñò³ íàñ³ííÿ. Âèñíîâêè. Âèêîðèñòàííÿ ðåêîìåíäîâàíèõ ñîðò³â ïîñóõîñò³éêèõ âèä³â çëàêîâèõ áàãàòîð³÷íèõ òðàâ ó ñêëàä³ òðàâîñóì³øîê çíà÷í...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.