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Bone regeneration of patients with osteoporosis takes significantly longer than the rehabilitation period of individuals without bone pathology. This is due to the predominance of destructive processes in the setting of osteoblastic reaction weakened by osteoporosis, persistent inflammatory reactions, as well as proliferating connective tissue.Aim. Тo study the nature and dynamics of processes involved in the destruction and regeneration of bone tissue under various conditions, taking forensic medical assessment into account.Material and methods. We studied the autopsy and biopsy material of bone tissue using clinical-instrumental and histological research methods.Results. Using atomic force microscopy, it was found that in individuals with osteoporosis the formation of endosteal callus exhibits features associated with the impaired interlacing of collagen fibres due to the expanded space between them, and, as a result, an impaired connection between osseous structures with a low level of mineralisation.Conclusion. In accordance with paragraph 24 of Order 194n On the Approval of Medical Criteria for Determining the Severity of Harm to Human Health verified systemic osteoporosis that was the setting for the fracture, which in fact is a pathological fracture, should not be considered as damage to health.

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Chronic heart failure (CHF), arterial hypertension (AH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worsen the prognosis for the cure of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), including due to an increase in negative symptoms and a deterioration in the quality of life of patients in the intensive phase of TB treatment. This requires the algorithmic diagnostic actions of a doctor for the subsequent appointment of rational pharmacotherapy with a proven best outcome in the treatment of TB.Objective. To develop an algorithm for the diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of patients with hypertension, CHF and COPD in the intensive phase of chemotherapy for newly diagnosed TB in terms of the best outcome of TB cure.Design and methods. An open, prospective, randomized comparative study included 135 patients who were admitted to a tuberculosis dispensary for the treatment of newly diagnosed TB. Depending on concomitant cardiac pathology, patients were divided into 2 groups: 76 patients with TB, COPD and AH; 59 patients with TB, COPD and CHF. In patients on the background of intensive chemotherapy for newly diagnosed TB, symptoms such as shortness of breath, tachycardia, and increased blood pressure (BP) were first detected or intensified. The selection of treatment regimens was carried out with an assessment of the best tolerability and effectiveness. Duration of follow-up was 6 months with an assessment of the outcomes of TB treatment in comparison with retrospective control (a similar group according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria treated in 2018).Results. During intensive chemotherapy of newly diagnosed TB, increasing symptoms were assessed and analyzed, indicating the appearance or exacerbation of comorbid pathology: AH, CHF and COPD. Based on the results of the study, an algorithm of doctor’s actions was developed for the differential diagnosis of cardiovascular (AH and CHF) and bronchopulmonary (COPD) pathologies with recommendations for prescribing a rational combination of drugs. In patients with TB, hypertension and COPD, the best effect was obtained in reducing the average daily systolic and diastolic BP during therapy with an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with satisfactory tolerability. For patients with TB, COPD and CHF, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (if intolerant, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist) in combination with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and titration of a beta-blocker with the addition of a myocardial cytoprotector to the above therapy showed an optimal effect on the severity of CHF symptoms. These treatment regimens for 3 months led to the achievement of target indicators for BP, heart rate, exercise tolerance in the test with a 6-minute walk, and improvement in echocardiography. Continuation of treatment up to 6 months showed a significant improvement in the outcomes of TB chemotherapy, expressed in an increase in the number of people who achieved cessation of bacterial excretion and closure of decay cavities, without increasing antibiotic therapy.Conclusions. Algorithm of doctor’s diagnostic actions and prescription of rational pharmacotherapy of AH, CHF and COPD in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB leads not only to improved tolerability of TB therapy, but also to the outcomes of curing newly diagnosed TB without intensifying antibiotic therapy.

Among functional gastrointestinal disorders, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rightfully continues to maintain its leading position. IBS is a kind of standard for understanding the pathogenetic essence of functional diseases of the digestive system, since it is the most common, studied and studied pathology. So, for the query "Irritable Bowel Syndrome" in the electronic database PubMed as of July 30, 2022, 16 599 sources were found, and for the query "Irritable Bowel Syndrome" in the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU 6316. The first part of the review deals with topical aspects of the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical presentation of IBS. The urgency of the problem of IBS is associated with a significant decrease in the quality of life of patients. The review focuses on the role of psycho-emotional disorders, changes localized at the level of the intestinal wall; and a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in the development of IBS. Abdominal pain as the leading manifestation of IBS is associated primarily with spasm. In this context, antispasmodic drugs can be considered not only as symptomatic agents, but also as pathogenetic therapy for IBS. In the second part of the review, the possibilities of one of the myotropic antispasmodics, mebeverine hydrochloride, in the treatment of IBS are considered in detail.