At su ciently high temperature and energy density, nuclear matter undergoes a transition to a phase in which quarks and gluons are not confined: the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) 1 . Such an exotic state of strongly interacting quantum chromodynamics matter is produced in the laboratory in heavy nuclei high-energy collisions, where an enhanced production of strange hadrons is observed 2-6 . Strangeness enhancement, originally proposed as a signature of QGP formation in nuclear collisions 7 , is more pronounced for multi-strange baryons. Several e ects typical of heavy-ion phenomenology have been observed in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions 8,9 , but the enhanced production of multi-strange particles has not been reported so far. Here we present the first observation of strangeness enhancement in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions. We find that the integrated yields of strange and multi-strange particles, relative to pions, increases significantly with the event charged-particle multiplicity. The measurements are in remarkable agreement with the p-Pb collision results 10,11 , indicating that the phenomenon is related to the final system created in the collision. In high-multiplicity events strangeness production reaches values similar to those observed in Pb-Pb collisions, where a QGP is formed.The production of strange hadrons in high-energy hadronic interactions provides a way to investigate the properties of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strongly interacting matter. Unlike up (u) and down (d) quarks, which form ordinary matter, strange (s) quarks are not present as valence quarks in the initial state, yet they are sufficiently light to be abundantly created during the course of the collisions. In the early stages of high-energy collisions, strangeness is produced in hard (perturbative) 2 → 2 partonic scattering processes by flavour creation (gg → ss, qq → ss) and flavour excitation (gs → gs, qs → qs). Strangeness is also created

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Fucoidans were isolated by water extraction and ion-exchange chromatography from brown algae Eclonia cava, Sargassum hornery, and Costaria costata collected near of Korean coasts. The structures of fucoidans were investigated. Fucoidan from E. cava was mixture of sulfated rhamnogalactofucan and galactofucan. Fucoidan from C. costata was a sulfated galactofucan. Fucoidan isolated from S. hornery was separated into three fractions: a homofucan sulfate, a homofucan but without sulfate groups, and a sulfated rhamnofucan. The results clearly showed that fucoidans play an inhibitory role in colony formation in human melanoma and colon cancer cells and may be effective antitumor agents.

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and their charge conjugates.With respect to previous measurements in the same rapidity region, the coverage in transverse momentum ( p T ) is extended and the uncertainties are reduced by a factor of about two. The accuracy on the estimated total cc production cross section is likewise improved. The measured p Tdifferential cross sections are compared with the results of three perturbative QCD calculations.