The article is dedicated to the problem of pregnancy management and delivery after simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation (SLKT). The article contains general historic and statistic information, and presents the first real world clinical case of favorable pregnancy outcome in patient after simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation with reno-portal transposition.
The paper presents the world’s first clinical case of two full-term successive pregnancies in a patient following simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation with reno-portal transposition. Both pregnancies ended with the birth of healthy children and favorable course of postpartum and long-term periods. The features of management and childbirth are highlighted. Literature review on this problem is presented.
Objective. To increase the effciency of spinal anesthesia (SA) in operative delivery of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).Materials and methods. A dynamic assessment of the clinical effciency of spinal anesthesia in cesarean sections was performed in 123 pregnant women with DM. The level of the sensor and motor block was determined depending on the dose of a 0.5% hyperbaric solution of bupivacaine calculated according to the original method.Results. The SA method in cesarean sections in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus has been proposed taking into account the dosage of a hyperbaric solution of bupivacaine depending on the patient`s height and gestational age. The application of this method provided the development of the necessary degree of the sensory and motor block by the eight minute and created the requisite conditions for a cesarean section.Conclusion. The proposed method of the calculation of the hyperbaric solution dosage for subarachnoid anesthesia taking into account the patients` height and gestational age makes it possible to ensure the necessary degree of the sensor block at the level of 4-5 thoracic segments and suffcient relaxation in the surgical area during a cesarean section.
Введение. Послеоперационное кровотечение - одно из самых частых осложнений в кардиохирургии. «Хирургическая» причина кровотечения обнаруживается у 50% пациентов, перенесших повторную операцию по поводу кровотечения. У остальных пациентов причина является многофакторной и, вероятно, связана с особенностями изменения гемостаза и гомеостаза при первичной операции. Цель. Определение влияния искусственного кровообращения на нарушение гемостаза, а также вклада этих изменений в объем кровопотери после операций на открытом сердце. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 40 взрослых пациентов (старше 18 лет), которым проводилась операция на сердце в условиях искусственного кровообращения (коронарное шунтирование с клапанной коррекцией либо без клапанной коррекции, изолированная клапанная коррекция) на базе Республиканского клинического медицинского центра Управления делами Президента Республики Беларусь за период с января 2018 г. по май 2021 г. Критерием исключения была дисфункция печени у пациентов (увеличение АЛТ более чем в 2 раза от верхней границы нормы). В трех точках проводился комплексный анализ гемостаза (до ИК, во время ИК, через одни сутки после операции с ИК). Для характеристики плазменного звена гемостаза определяли активность факторов свертывания (II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII). Результаты. Установлено, что активность II, V, VII, X, XIII факторов плазменного гемостаза достоверно снижалась на этапе ИК, а затем восстанавливалась на первые сутки после операции. Через сутки после операции активность факторов II, V, VII, X, XII, XIII восстанавливалась, но не достигала исходных значений. Ниже активности в 50% снижалась активность факторов II, V, VII на этапе ИК. Активность VIII, IX факторов была достоверно выше исходных значений через сутки после операции. Активность VIII фактора через сутки достоверно влияла на величину кровопотери. Заключение. Понимание основных механизмов и причин изменения коагуляции во время ИК может оказать дополнительную помощь кардиохирургам, анестезиологам-реаниматологам и другим вовлеченным медицинским работникам в эффективном использовании технических и фармацевтических возможностей, которые доступны в настоящее время, что снижает риск осложнений, связанных с послеоперационным кровотечением. Introduction. Postoperative bleeding is one of the most common complications in cardiac surgery. The “surgical” cause of bleeding is found in 50% of patients who underwent reoperation for bleeding. In the rest of the patients, the cause is multifactorial and it is probably related to the peculiarities of changes in hemostasis and homeostasis during the primary operation. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of CPB on hemostasis disorders and their contribution in blood loss volume after the open heart surgery. Materials and methods. 40 adult patients (over 18 years old) who underwent open-heart surgery (CABG, CABG combined with valve repair, valve repair surgery) at the Republican Clinical Medical Center from January 2018 to May 2021 were enrolled in the study. Liver dysfunction (serum alanine aminotransferase elevation by more than 2 times from the upper limit of the norm) was used as exclusion criteria. Comprehensive analysis of hemostasis was conducted at three points (before CPB, during CPB, and on the Day 1 after surgery). To understand the characteristics of coagulation we determined the activity of coagulation factors (II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII). Results. It was found that activity of the II, V, VII, X, XIII factors of plasma hemostasis significantly decreased during CPB and restored on the postoperative Day 1. Activity of the factors II, V, VII, X, XII, XIII restored, but did not achieved the basic levels. Activity of the factors II, V, VII was lower than 50% during CPB. Factor VIII activity significantly influenced the blood loss volume in a day after surgery. Conclusion. Understanding the key mechanisms and causes of coagulation changes during CPB can provide additional help leading to effective use of technical and pharmaceutical options that are currently available. It decreases the risk of complications associated with postoperative bleeding.
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