No abstract

When a large population group is exposed for a long period of time to any harmful factor, as in the case of radiation, for example, from the Chernobyl accident or nuclear weapons tests, the determining factors are the irradiation dose and the response of the organism to this action (i.e. the radiobiological effect). Using the average values of the dose and the corresponding probability of the radiobiological effect, the average damage to the health for this population group (the radiation risk) can be estimated from the formula Ray = DavFav(D), where Day is the average irradiation dose for the population group under study and Fay(D) is the average probability for the appearance of a radiobiological effect for man at a dose Day.This approach (using average values) is valid, however, for the cases when the entire population group is irradiated with the same and high dose, i.e. the differences in the irradiation and effects for individuals in this group can be neglected.In most real cases, in the irradiation of large groups of the population with a small dose such an average approach makes it impossible to reveal especially serious consequences for separate representatives of the population. For this reason, it is necessary to use both the distribution of the irradiation dose in a group and the distribution over individual radiosensitivity in the population [1]. The effects of other factors -chemical, social, and so on -can be superposed on the effects from the irradiation action. Then the radiation risk R is calculated as the integrated (over all dose values) product of the probability P of exceeding some dose D by the probability distribution for the appearance of a radiobiologi-

No abstract

This paper focuses on the problem of analyzing expediency of using electrochemical storages in power supply systems for non-traction consumers of railways from renewable energy sources (RES). It is quite obvious that RES implementation in any national industry as a proper distributed energy source is too problematic if there is no possibility to accumulate it in good supply. The aim of this paper is to select the most appropriate electrochemical storage device for power systems for non-traction consumers of railways from RES. The methodology of research is based on modern methods of computational mathematics, statistics and information analysis using modern computer technology. Consequently, the analysis helps conclude that batteries are the most preferable for power lines. That especially concerns railway mains with RES use since the batteries have the best power characteristics.