The paper suggests the results of retrospective cohort study. We analyzed the results of clinical and laboratory examination of 102 hospitalized adult patients with acute diarrhea (AD) of moderate severity and positive feces test for rotavirus. Specific examination for the detection of various pathogens of AD along with standard cultural, serologic (based on the determination of specific antibodies) and ELISA methods included the study of the patient’s feces by PCR. It was found that the use of a complex of modern methods of specific diagnosis allows in 67.2% of individuals along with markers of rotavirus simultaneously identify markers of other pathogens, including bacterial – 51% of patients. Among the examined persons hospitalized on the 4th day of the disease and later, there are 2 times more patients with concomitant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and 2.4 times more patients taking antimicrobial drugs at the prehospital stage than among those who admitted for the 1st three days of the disease. The cases in adult patients with concomitant non-infectious pathology of the gastrointestinal tract compared to those without it turned to be significantly rarer simultaneously positive for rotavirus and Campylobacter spp. In the examined patients with colitis syndrome there is an apparent trend of more frequent detection of a positive cultural test for Salmonella spp. In the absence of markers of bacterial enteropathogens in the clinical material in the group of adult patients with only detected rotavirus, colitis syndrome is documented 2 times more often than in patients with a positive combined reaction to rota- and norovirus.
No doubts that shigellosis severity directly depends on the spread of the gut specific lesion. There are some data published on the basis of autopsy records and pointing to shigella caused lesion spreading both to colon and ileum in adult cases especially in those older than 60 y.o. or with any immunosuppressive premorbid background. Obviously, the gut mucosa condition determines the local resistance potential and moreover it's shown that in shigellosis cases, the histologic pattern of gut mucosa depends on quantity and quality of neutrophils, extremely important to control the intensity of agent invasion. Viral infections with concomitant neutropenia are commonly considered as immune suppressive conditions. As to Herpes virus infection, it's well known as the large mucosa lesion disease that can subsequently lead to aggravation of any forthcoming acute bacterial infection. The paper suggests the description of shigellosis case confirmed with the use of PCR test (PCR kit Amplisens All-bacto-screen-FL Lab, Interlabservice) and developed by young woman with unfavorable premorbid condition. The disease course turned to be severe and complicated by the peritonitis development. The aggravating factors in the proposed case were likely such immune modulating concurrent conditions as Herpes virus infection and pregnancy. The clinical example demonstrates that young people can develop severe complicated shigellosis course given burdened premorbid background availability.
Резюме. У 264 взрослых больных, госпитализированных с острой диареей в форме средней тяжести, проведено сопоставление клинической симптоматики с результатами выявления энтеропатогенов различными метода-ми диагностики. В период эпидемиологического неблагополучия по дизентерии (2002-2004 гг.) для детекции энтеропатогенов у 91 пациента использовали: культуральный метод (клинический материал -фекалии) и ме-тод выявления специфических сывороточных антител (для детекции Shigella spp. и Salmonella spp.); метод ИФА (для детекции ротавирусного антигена в фекалиях). В период эпидемиологического благополучия по дизенте-рии (2009-2011 гг.) исследование клинического материала 173 больных, у которых в симптоматике ОКИ был документирован синдром колита (по результатам копроцитоскопического и/или ректороманоскопического исследования), проводили выше названными методами и дополнительно методом ПЦР (клинический мате-риал -фекалии) набором «Амплисенс ® ОКИ скрин-FL» (Интерлабсервис, Россия). Выявили, что у пациентов, у которых в период эпидемиологического неблагополучия по дизентерии обнаруживали только ротавирусный антиген (РВА), и тех, у кого наряду с РВА выявляли Shigella spp. культуральным методом, отсутствовали су-щественные отличия клинически значимых количественных и частотных показателей (в том числе частота наличия синдрома колита). Это позволило предположить возможную гиподиагностику микст-ОКИ при не-выявленном использованными методами бактериальном возбудителе. Дополнительное использование ПЦР-метода позволило выявить Campylobacter spp. и диагносцировать протекавший по типу острой диареи кампи-лобактериоз, расцененный как основное заболевание и преимущественно в виде моноинфекции -у каждого пятого больного (20,8%), а как сопутствующее при микст-ОКИ -у 4% больных. При наличии в симптоматике синдрома колита использование ПЦР-метода позволило выявить Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. у каждо-го третьего больного, а Shigella spp. и ассоциации энтеропатогенов -у каждого 5-го пациента. Прицельный анализ выявленных энтеропатогенов у обследованных в период эпидемиологического благополучия по дизен-терии 15 больных с положительным результатом на ротавирус показал, что у 6 из них (40% пациентов) име-ла место детекция ассоциации ротавируса с маркерами других, в подавляющем большинстве бактериальных (у 5 из 6 человек), патогенов. Таким образом, у взрослых больных острой диареей с синдромом колита целесо-образно комплексное (с включением ПЦР-метода) обследование для расширения возможности детектировать не только вирусные, но и бактериальные способные вызывать колит, энтеропатогены.
The paper suggests the frequency of enteropathogenic agents detected by different lab methods in feces of 262 adult acute diarrhea cases. The compared is the frequency results of Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp.detection by standard methods (culture and specific sera antibody finding) and PCR method. The calculated is some operational characteristics of PCR test (compared to culture test). The shown is that the frequency results of Salmonella spp. detected by standard and PCR methods are comparable, with high figures of all operational characteristics of PCR method. As to Shigella spp. detection the positive result by PCR method were obtained in 2,5 times more cases than that by standard method. However such PCR test characteristic as “positive predictive value” was quite low with the lowest figures in cases without colitis syndrome.
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