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Bismuthate superconductor grown by an electrolysis technique was studied by electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy. The crystalline structure thereof has been found to be non-cubic, non-centrosymmetric and of the layered nature, with the lattice parameters a≈ap, c≈2ap (ap is a simple cubic perovskite cell parameter) containing an ordered arrangement of barium and potassium. The evidence for the layered nature of the bismuthate superconductor removes the principal crystallographic contradiction between bismuthate and cuprate high-Tc superconductors.Superconducting bismuthates including the firstly dis-[2] with the highest transition temperature (T c =32-35K for x≈0.4) have the basic characteristics similar to those of high-T c copper-oxide superconductors [3]. This might favor for a common pairing mechanism. On the other hand, bismuthates have been generally considered to be fundamentally different from cuprates due to two reasons. Bismuthates are non-magnetic, and they have three-dimensional structures rather than layered twodimensional ones characteristic of cuprates. Of these two contradictions, the most important one seems to be the latter. The absence of magnetic fluctuations in bismuthates may point to a non-magnetic nature of the pairing mechanism, whereas it is unlikely that a common superconducting scenario in cuprates and bismuthates does not depend on lattice dimensionality.The study of BKBO is of a particular interest also for understanding the relation between charge-density-waves (CDWs) and superconductivity in high-T c oxides. The parent compound for BKBO is the perovskite BaBiO 3 containing a CDW formed of an ordered arrangement of non-equivalent bismuth ions referred to as Bi 3+ and Bi 5+[4]. This CDW is assumed to be responsible for the semiconducting behavior of BaBiO 3 and Ba 1−x K x BiO 3 materials with low potassium content (x < 0.25). The widely known notion that BKBO superconductors have a simple cubic ABO 3 solid-solution structure of a non-layered nature, with barium and potassium randomly occupying the A-position, was inferred from long-range structural studies of ceramic samples by X-ray [5] and neutron diffraction [6]. A simple cubic structure excludes the existence of a CDW that leads to the conclusion of the total incompatibility of CDWs and superconductivity. However, studies of BKBO by methods sensitive to short-range symmetry, in particular, by Raman scattering spectroscopy [7], a paired-distribution function analysis of neutron diffraction data [8], extended X-ray fine structure analysis (EXAFS) [9,10] evidence that the local structure of BKBO superconductors is not cubic. An X-ray diffraction study [11] [15]. Ba n Bi n+m O y are assumed to be matrices transformed, when intercalated with potassium, into superconducting oxides retaining the layered nature of the matrices structures. Besides, Ba-rich oxides with a solid-solution structure that attributed to BKBO superconductors were discovered [16]. Such oxides are formed in two-phase regions of the Ba-Bi-O ...

The detail investigation of the samples with nanodimensional anatase, formed by hydrolysis of TiOSO4 × xH2O without or in the presence of polymer poly(N-vinyl caprolactam), physical precipitation of the polymer followed by the capture of commercial Hombifine N are performed by X-ray powder diffraction using laboratory and synchrotron radiation sources, transmission electron microscopy with the diffraction, and elemental analysis. The two «core»-«shell» models with nanoparticles and their associates as a core can be applied to samples produced. The synchrotron and electron radiation change the degree of crystallinity and the imperfection of anatase, isolate of TiO2−x(OH)2x × yH2O from the nanoparticle shell with a decrease in its thickness, lead to the anatase – rutile phase transition. The double diffraction effect on the appearance of kinematically forbidden reflections caused by the dynamic character of the electron diffraction. The photoactivity depends on microstructural characteristics (specific surface, nanoobjects sizes). The structure and elemental composition of nanoparticles (associates) affect antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.