Important role in shaping the health of adolescents is played by the environmental factors and lifestyle, the influence of which they are exposed to a greater degree than adults. At the same time, adolescents have not yet formed attitudes to conscious attitude to their health, extremely low medical activity, which exacerbates the impact of risk factors on their health. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of high school students about the risk factors of lifestyle that adversely affect health, and their prevalence among adolescents. To achieve this goal on a specially designed statistical forms conducted an anonymous survey of 325 boys enrolled in high school four secondary schools in the city of Yakutsk. It was found that high school students are quite well informed about most lifestyle risk factors that have an impact on health. At the same time, in the way of life of many young men (73,9 ± 2,4 of 100) there is at least one risk factor that adversely affects health. Among the risk factors for health in high school students of Yakutsk are more common: prolonged stay at the computer, sleep, excessive consumption of food with high carbohydrate content, small stay in the fresh air, long additional classes, low physical activity. In this regard, it is now a very important task of school, family, health workers is to create in adolescents’ belief in the need to maintain a healthy lifestyle, the formation of a cult of health.

Одни из самых высоких в стране уровень рождаемости и удельный вес детей в возрастной структуре населения делают проблему здоровья детей особо актуальной для Чеченской Республики. С целью изучения первичной заболеваемости детей в Чеченской Республике в 2015-2020 годах были проанализированы официальные статистические отчеты и публикации Федеральной службы государственной статистики, годовые формы федерального статистического наблюдения (ф. № 12) по Чеченской Республике, а также статистические сборники ЦНИИОиИЗ Минздрава России. Анализ динамики первичной заболеваемости детей показал, что в республике наблюдается четко выраженная тенденция снижения показателя, который с 2015 по 2019 год снизился более чем в 1,7 раза. Сравнение уровня первичной заболеваемости детского населения Чеченской Республики со средними показателями по стране в целом позволило установить, что в течение всего периода наблюдения заболеваемость детей Чеченской Республики была в разы ниже, чем в среднем по стране, и с каждым годом эта разница возрастала. Столь низкие показатели первичной заболеваемости детей в значительной мере связаны с низкой доступностью медицинской помощи, обусловленной нехваткой врачебных кадров. Пандемия COVID-19 привела к снижению обращаемости детского населения в медицинские организации и, естественно, к снижению первичной заболеваемости детей, которая в 2020 году, по сравнению с 2019 годом сократилась в 1,35 раза. One of the highest birth rates in the country and the proportion of children in the age structure of the population makes the issue of children’s health particularly relevant for the Chechen Republic. In order to study the primary incidence of diseases of children in the Chechen Republic in 2015-2020, official statistical reports and publications of the Federal State Statistics Service, annual forms of federal statistical observation (form No. 12) for the Chechen Republic, as well as statistical collections of TsNIIOiIZ of the Ministry of Health of Russia were analyzed. An analysis of the dynamics of primary morbidity in children showed a clearly defined downward trend in the indicator, which decreased by more than 1.7 times from 2015 to 2019. Comparison of the level of primary morbidity in the children’s population of the Chechen Republic with the average indicators for the country as a whole made it possible to state that during the entire observation period the incidence of children’s deseases in the Chechen Republic was several times lower compared to the national average, and this difference tends to increase every year. Such low rates of primary morbidity in children are largely due to the low availability of medical care due to insufficiency of medical personnel. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a certain decrease of appeal of the child population to medical organizations and, eventually, to decrease in the primary incidence of children, which in 2020 was reported to decrease by 1.35 times compared to 2019.

The data of the analysis of the organization and effectiveness of the insurer’s activity on the protection of the rights of minors are presented. There is identified the insufficient awareness and legal activity of parents in the protection of the rights of the child. A higher level of passive dissatisfaction of parents with medical care for minors was established compared with the data of the insurance company. The differences in the general structure of appeals to the insurer and appeals on the provision of medical care to children are revealed. The analysis performed justifies the need to implement a differentiated approach in informing the public about the compulsory medical insurance system, recording social monitoring data and public appeals on the protection of the rights of minors.

At present, the state of health of young men deserves special attention on the part of the state, since they are not only the economic, social, demographic, but also the defense potential of the country. The evaluation of the health of young people of their own health in terms of the ability to perform certain social functions and roles, that is, self-evaluation of health, is important in assessing health. In order to study the opinion of the young men about their health and their compliance with the requirements of military service, an anonymous survey of 325 senior pupils of four Yakutsk general education schools was conducted. It was found that many young men of Yakutsk low estimate their readiness for military service. An analysis of the self-assessment of the degree of physical training made it possible to establish that more than a third of high school students believe that they have poor or insufficient physical training, more than a quarter believe that they are not physically ready for military service. At the same time, less than a third seek to improve their physical training through regular physical training and sports, the remaining boys regularly do not engage in physical culture and sports, explaining this subjective reasons. Most know that there are such diseases in which one does not join the army, and one in four believes that he has such a disease. Of the 100 senior pupils, 8,2 ± 1,5 assess their health as bad, 11,2 ± 1,8 consider that for health reasons they are not fit for military service, at the same time 42,4 ± 2,8 believe that to military service they are only limitedly fit or temporarily unfit. Statistically significant differences in the self-assessment of health and the degree of physical fitness between the Yakuts and the Russians were not established.

Contraception is the important component of family planning. It plays the important role in fighting with abortion and preserving the reproductive health of women. The specially designed anonymous survey was performed in 375 women living in the Republic of Kalmykia in the age from 16 till 45 years old. The average age of beginning of sexual life was estimated as 18,6 ± 0,1 years at the examined group. The average age decreased from 19,3 ± 0,3 to 17,0 ± 0,2 during the last 10 years. Almost the half of respondent (45,9 %) started the sexual life before the marriage. Kalmyk women started the sexual life later than Russian and entered the premarital relationship rarely. 70,2 % of sexually active women protected from pregnancy: 74,2 % used barrier methods of contraception, 13,5 % - intrauterine device, 12,9 % - oral hormone contraception, 11,1% - rejected sexual intercourse. Women below 30 and Kalmyk women used the barrier methods of contraception most often. Women older than 30 years used intrauterine device most often, oral hormone contraception was in use among cities inhabitants and among Russian women. The self-appraisal of knowledge on contraception questions showed that women estimate their erudition as 3,98 ± 0,04 on average. One quarter (23,2 %) of women consider themselves insufficiently or poorly informed dealing with this question. Women in the age below 20 and inhabitants of countryside are less informed. The information was received from the formal source by 32,5 % of women (at school - 27,7 %, from healthcare workers - 4,8 %). The majority of women (50,8 %) received the information from the informal source: 17,9 % - mother and other relatives, 12,8 % - mass media, 4,3 % - printed matter. The role of school in the informing young people dealing with this question decreased during the last few years. The role of healthcare workers in the informing young people is very low.